LUNG VOLUMES (SPIROMETRY) LAB

Question 1

What is the function of the respiratory system?

Answer 1

the respiratory system functions to produce atp and remove carbon dioxide

Question 2

Respiration includes how many steps?

Answer 2

respiration includes three steps

Question 3

What are the three steps of respiration?

Answer 3

the three steps of respiration are pulmonary ventilation, external respiration, and internal respiration

Question 4

Define pulmonary ventilation/ breathing.

Answer 4

pulmonary ventilation is the movement of air between the atmosphere and lungs

Question 5

When does pulmonary ventilation occur?

Answer 5

pulmonary ventilation occurs during inhalation and exhalation

Question 6

Define external respiration.

Answer 6

external respiration is the movement of oxygen from the alveoli into the pulmonary capillaries and carbon dioxide from cells into the capillaries

Question 7

Define internal respiration.

Answer 7

internal respiration is the movement of oxygen from capillaries into body cells and carbon dioxide from body cells into capillaries

Question 8

List a few discussed pulmonary diseases.

Answer 8

some examples of pulmonary disease are emphysema, chronic bronchitis, asthma, and pneumonia

Question 9

What are the purposes of pulmonary tests?

Answer 9

pulmonary tests are used to determine lung volumes and airflow rates

Question 9

Describe how pressure influences the movement of air.

Answer 9

air moves down a pressure gradient of highest to lowest

Question 9

List a few influences on pulmonary health.

Answer 9

pulmonary health can be influence by environmental factors, lifestyle, and age

Question 9

What causes lungs to fill/ deflate?

Answer 9

lungs fill/ deflate due to changes in air pressure

Question 9

Define normal atmospheric pressure.

Answer 9

normal atmospheric pressure is known as the weight of the air above us

Question 10

How is air pressure measured?

Answer 10

air pressure is measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg)

Question 11

What is the standard air pressure at sea level?

Answer 11

the standard air pressure at sea level is 760 mmHg

Question 12

Define intrapulmonary pressure.

Answer 12

intrapulmonary pressure is the air pressure within the alveoli

Question 13

Define intrapleural pressure.

Answer 13

intrapleural pressure is the air pressure betwenn

Question 14

Describe the pressure of stationary lungs in reference to atmospheric pressure.

Answer 14

when the lungs are stationary the pressure of the lungs (intrapulmonary) is equal to the atmospheric pressure

Question 15

Describe what happens to the diaphragm during inhalation.

Answer 15

during inspiration the diaphragm contracts; moves downward and flattens out

Question 16

What effect does the diaphragm have on the thoracic cavity during inspiration?

Answer 16

the contracting of the diaphragm during inhalation results in the increase of volume in the thoracic cavity

Question 17

Describe the pressure of the lungs during inhalation.

Answer 17

during inhalation and diaphragm contraction, the pressure in the lungs decrease as air moves into them

Question 18

Relaxation of the diaphragm occurs during which respiratory process?

Answer 18

relaxation of the lungs occurs during expiration

Question 19

Describe what happens to the diaphragm during exhalation.

Answer 19

during exhalation, the diaphragm relaxes and moves upwards into its resting position

Question 20

Describe what happens with intrapulmonary pressure during exhalation.

Answer 20

during exhalation, pressure in the lungs increases which forces air into the atmosphere

Question 21

Describe tidal volume.

Answer 21

tidal volume is the amount of air inhaled and exhaled during one normal breath at rest

Question 22

What is the average value for tidal volume?

Answer 22

the average value for tidal volume is 500mL

Question 23

Describe inspiratory reserve volume.

Answer 23

inspiratory reserve volume is the maximum amount of air that can be inhaled after a normal inhalation

Question 24

What is the average volume for inspiratory reserve volume?

Answer 24

the average volume for inspiratory reserve volume is 3000 mL

Question 25

Describe expiratory reserve volume.

Answer 25

expiratory reserve volume is the maximum amount of air that can be exhaled after a normal exhalation

Question 26

Describe residual volume.

Answer 26

residual volume is the amount of air that stays within the lungs after a maximal exhalation

Question 27

What is the average volume for expiratory reserve volume?

Answer 27

the average volume for expiratory reserve volume is 1200mL

Question 28

What is the average volume for residual volume?

Answer 28

the average volume for residual volume is 1300mL

Question 29

What are the four types of respiratory volumes?

Answer 29

the four types of respiratory volumes - tidal volume - inspiratory reserve volume - expiratory reserve volume - residual volume

Question 30

What are the four types of respiratory capacities?

Answer 30

the four types of respiratory capacities - inspirational capacity - functional residual capacity - slow vital capacity - total lung capacity

Question 31

Describe inspirational capacity.

Answer 31

inspirational capacity is the maximum amount of air that can be inhaled after a normal tidal expiration

Question 32

Describe functional residual capacity.

Answer 32

functional residual capacity is the remaining amount of air in the lungs after a normal tidal expiration

Question 33

Describe slow vital capacity.

Answer 33

slow vital capacity is the amount of air that can be inhaled and then exhaled with a maximum effort

Question 34

Describe total lung capacity.

Answer 34

total lung capacity is the maximum amount of air the lungs can hold

Question 35

What is the average volume for inspiratory capacity?

Answer 35

the average volume for inspiratory capacity is 3500mL

Question 36

What is the average volume for functional residual capacity?

Answer 36

the average volume for function residual capacity is 2500mL

Question 37

What is the average volume for slow vital capacity?

Answer 37

the average volume for slow vital capacity is 4700mL

Question 38

What is the average volume for total lung capacity?

Answer 38

the average volume for total lung capacity is 6000mL

Question 39

What is the symbol that represents tidal volume?

Answer 39

(TV)

Question 40

What is the symbol that represents inspiratory reserve volume?

Answer 40

(IRV)

Question 41

What is the symbol that represents expiratory reserve volume?

Answer 41

(ERV)

Question 42

What is the symbol that represents residual volume?

Answer 42

(RV)

Question 43

What is the symbol that represents inspiratory capacity?

Answer 43

(IC)

Question 44

What is the symbol that represents functional residual capacity?

Answer 44

(FRC)

Question 45

What is the symbol that represents slow vital capacity?

Answer 45

(SVC) or (VC)

Question 46

What is the symbol that represents total lung capacity?

Answer 46

(TLC)

Question 47

What is the equation for finding inspirational capacity?

Answer 47

IC = TV + IRV

Question 48

What is the equation for finding functional residual capacity?

Answer 48

FRC = RV + ERV

Question 49

What is the equation for finding slow vital capacity?

Answer 49

VC = IRV + TV + ERV

Question 50

What is the equation for finding total lung capacity?

Answer 50

TLC = IRV + TV + ERV + RV

Question 51

What variables influence both lung volumes and lung capacities?

Answer 51

lung volume and capacity are influenced by age, gender, and height

Question 52

Lung capacities are a combination of what?

Answer 52

lung capacities are a combination of lung volumes

Question 53

What is a spirometer?

Answer 53

a spirometer is an instrument used to measure lung volumes and capacities

Question 54

Define spirometry.

Answer 54

spirometry is a measure of pulmonary function

Question 55

Why is spirometry important?

Answer 55

spirometry functions to diagnose and assess restrictive and obstructive lung disorders.

Question 56

Describe restrictive lung disorders.

Answer 56

restrictive lung disorders restrict one's ability to inhale

Question 57

How do restrictive lung disorders appear in spirometry?

Answer 57

restrictive lung disorders appear in spirometry as a reduced vital capacity (VC)

Question 58

What do effect do diseases that produce pulmonary fibrosis have on the lungs?

Answer 58

any disease that produce pulmonary fibrosis has a restrictive affect on the lungs

Question 59

List a few examples of pulmonary fibrosis induced restrictive diseases.

Answer 59

black lung disease and tuberculosis are examples of pulmonary fibrosis induced restrictive diseases

Question 60

Describe obstructive disorders.

Answer 60

Obstructive disorders are diseases that interfere with the airflow by narrowing the airway

Question 61

Which is most common, restrictive or obstructive disorders?

Answer 61

obstructive disorders are most common

Question 62

What affect do obstructive disorders have on respiratory function?

Answer 62

obstructive disorders make it harder to exhale

Question 63

List a few examples of obstructive disorders.

Answer 63

asthma, emphysema, chronic bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Question 64

How can obstructive disorders be measured?

Answer 64

obstructive disorders can be measured by measuring forced expiratory capacity (FEV)

Question 65

What percentage of air should a healthy individual be able to expel within 1 second (FEV1)?

Answer 65

during a (FEV) test, a healthy individual should be able to expel 75% - 85% of their vital capacity

Question 66

What is the ratio used to indicate whether or not a person has an obstructive disease?

Answer 66

the (FEV1/ FVC) ratio is used to indicate whether or not a person has an obstructive disease

Question 67

What is the function of residual volume?

Answer 67

residual volume in the alveoli prevent the alveoli from collapsing