DIGESTIVE SYSTEMS LAB Flashcards
The digestive system is divided into how many parts?
the digestive system is divided into two parts
What are the two main parts of the digestive system?
the two main parts of the digestive system are the alimentary canal and the gastrointestinal (GI) tract
What is the function of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract?
the gastrointestinal tract functions to break down products during digestion
What is the gastrointestinal (GI) tract?
the gastrointestinal tract is a long tube that runs from the mouth to the anus
List a few of the organs involved in the alimentary canal.
some organs involved in the alimentary canal are the esophagus, stomach, intestines, rectum, and anus
List a few of the accessory organs of the digestive system.
a few digestive accessory organs are the salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas
What is the function of the accessory organs?
the accessory organs function to secrete substances needed for digestion
What is the function of the digestive system?
the digestive system functions to break down and absorb food and water and excrete waste
What are the two types of digestion?
the two types of digestion are mechanical digestion and chemical digestion
Define mechanical digestion.
mechanical digestion is the breaking down of food into smaller pieces
Define chemical digestion.
chemical digestion is the enzymatic breakdown of large molecules into smaller ones
What organ is initiates the beginning of the alimentary canal?
the mouth initiates the beginning of the alimentary canal
What are the names of the palates that form the “roof” of the mouth?
the hard/ soft palates form the roof of the mouth
Food initially enters the body through what digestive structure?
food initially enters the body through the mouth
Which structure form the “floor” of the mouth?
the tongue forms then “floor” of the mouth
Which structure form the lateral walls of the mouth?
the cheeks form the lateral walls of the mouth
List the components of the hard palate.
the hard palate is composed of the maxillae portion of the palatine process and the palatine bones
List the components of the soft palate.
the soft palate is composed of connective tissue and a mucous membrane
Which structure is located at the posterior portion of the soft palate?
the uvula is located at the posterior portion of the soft palate
What is the function of the soft palate?
the soft palate function to keep food and liquid from entering the nasal cavity
Which muscle types is the tongue made up of?
the tongue is made up of skeletal muscle tissue
What are the functions of the tongue?
the tongue functions to promote speech, taste, movement of food, and swallowing
Which type of digestion is the oral cavity responsible for?
the oral cavity is responsible for mechanical digestion
What is the name of the collection of muscles that function in mechanical digestion?
the name of the muscles that function in mechanical digestion is the “muscles of mastication”
Which muscles are included in the “muscles of mastication”?
the “muscles of mastication” include the masseter, temporalis, and medial/ lateral pterygoid muscles
What are the functions of the masseter and temporalis?
the masseter and temporalis are responsible for closing the jaw
What are the functions of the medial/ lateral pterygoid muscles?
the medial/ lateral pterygoid muscles function to promote sideways grinding against the molar/ premolar teeth
List the three portions of the pharynx.
the pharynx is divided into the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx
Which portions of the pharynx have a role in digestion?
the oropharynx and laryngopharynx take part in digestion
Which portion of the of the pharynx has a role in digestion and respiration?
the oropharynx has a role in both digestion and respiration
Which structures does the oropharynx begin/ end at?
the oropharynx begins at the uvula and ends at the hyoid bone
What are the functions of the laryngopharynx?
the laryngopharynx functions as a passageway for food, air, and liquids
At which structures does the laryngopharynx begin/ end?
the laryngopharynx begins at the hyoid bone and end just inferior to the epiglottis
What is the function of the epiglottis?
the epiglottis functions to close of the laryngopharynx so that food/ drink does not enter the respiratory system
Which digestive process occurs in the pharynx?
propulsion occurs in the pharynx
Which structure does food move through in the digestion process?
food moves through the oropharynx, laryngopharynx, and then the esophagus
The esophagus conducts food into which digestive organ?
the esophagus conducts food into the stomach
Describe the anatomical structure of the esophagus.
the esophagus is a flattened muscular tube about 10 inches long but distends as food passes through it
