Respiratory System Flashcards
When oxygen is transported throughout the body, it does so by attaching itself to
When oxygen is transported throughout the body, it does so by attaching itself to hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is found in red blood cells and contains iron based proteins which give rise to the binding of hemoglobin with oxygen.
If a person has respiratory alkalosis, which of the following would be rushed out continually from their body? Carbon monoxide Blood Water Oxygen Carbon Dioxide
If a person has respiratory alkalosis, oxygen would be rushed out continually from their body. Being that this person has respiratory alkalosis, their blood is too basic, which simply means that it is not acidic enough (not enough hydrogen ions). Since the hydrogen ions come from the bicarbonate ions that transport carbon dioxide, we know that there would be low levels of carbon dioxide in the blood due to the person continually pushing too much out of their body.
Gills are effective in maximizing respiratory gas exchange because: increase surface area. help deliver waste oxygen. maximize CO2 levels in the blood. All of above.
Gills are effective in maximizing respiratory gas exchange because they increase the surface area, which in turn allows gas to be exchanged much more effectively. The gills help deliver waste carbon dioxide (not oxygen), and thus help maximize oxygen levels in the blood.
In countercurrent flow or exchange in fish:
water flows in the opposite direction of blood.
water flow enters through the gills.
oxygenated blood moves in the same direction as deooxygenated blood.
Have their afferent vessels moving in the same direction as the efferent ones.
In countercurrent flow or exchange in fish water flows in the opposite direction of blood. This countercurrent exchange is really the driving force behind the efficiency of the respiratory system in fish. Fish have their afferent vessels moving in the opposite direction as the efferent ones, oxygenated blood moves in the opposite direction as deoxygenated blood, and water exits the gills of the fish rather than entering through them.
Which of the following is not true about carbon dioxide in the respiratory system:
Is diffused in the opposite direction of oxygen.
moved throughout the body mainly as carbon dioxide.
it is a waste product.
is moved out of the body through bulk flow of the lungs.
Carbon dioxide is not transferred or moved throughout the body mainly as carbon dioxide, but rather primarily as bicarbonate ions. These bicarbonate ions are transferred through the plasma and are made in the red blood cells.
Which enzyme catalyzes the formation of carbonic acid
Carbonic Anhydrase is the enzyme that catalyzes the formation of carbonic acid. This is an important enzyme to remember, and is easy to remember like many enzymes because of the way that it is named. The other enzymes that are mentioned play major roles in the digestive system.
Total lung capacity in humans
Total lung capacity in humans = RV + VC. RV stands for residual volume, which is the amount of air left in the lungs after the expiratory reserved volume (ERV). VC stands for vital capacity which is the total of the tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume, and the expiratory reserve volumes together.
The name of the gill cover for fish is known as the:
The name of the gill cover for fish is known as the operculum. Water enters the fish through their mouth, crosses over the gills and the exits via the operculum.
What is the correct order of oxygen flow for the respiratory system in humans?
i. nasal cavity
ii. voice box
iii. trachea
iv. pharynx
The correct order of the respiratory system in humans is through the nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx (which houses the vocal cords and is oftentimes referred to as the voice box, and the trachea. There are obviously other members involved in gas exchange, but for this question this is their respective order.
When a person is running, which of the following is/are correct: positive feedback regulates pH levels. pH levels increase H+ concentration decrese All of above None of above
When a person is running, H+ concentration increases thus pH levels decrease (higher acidity), and this is all regulated by negative feedback and not positive feedback. Remember when the respiratory system has to work hard it produces increased levels of carbon dioxide, which in turn is converted bicarbonate ions (which have H+ ions), and the pH level is decreased (higher level of H+ concentration in the blood stream.
Under the trachea, what looks like a grape cluster and are involved in the exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen
Alveoli look like grapes and are involved in the exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen. Bronchi branch out into smaller tubes called bronchioles, which then end in the grape looking sacs called alveoli. The capillaries of the alveoli are the surface area where gas exchange takes place.
Jellyfish uses what respiration mechanism
Jellyfish use a direct respiratory mechanism for their gas exchange. In a direct respiratory mechanism exchange is made directly with the water without the use of lungs, gills, or a trachea. When there is a large surface area typically on a small species, and the environment has plenty of gas available for respiration a direct diffusion is readily available.
When the diaphragm is contracted
When the diaphragm is contracted, air moves into the lungs. Air moves out of the lungs conversely when the diaphragm is relaxed and the intercostal muscles relax thus lowering or decreasing the volume of the lungs.
A praying mantis uses what type of respiratory mechanism
A praying mantis uses their tracheae for their type of respiratory system. The tracheae are simply chitin tubes that carry gas for exchange and are commonly found in insects as their primary means of gas exchange. Diffusion occurs in the moistened ending of the tracheae and gas is exchanged through spiracles.
Spiders have a special type of __, which they use for gas exchange.
Spiders have a special type of lungs, which they use for gas exchange. These lungs are specifically called book lungs and occur in most species of spiders. The reason they are called “book” lungs is because of the way in which they are flattened and stacked much like that of books.
