Respiration Flashcards
Equation for alcoholic fermentation
Pyruvate -> Acetaldehyde + CO2 + Ethanol + NAD+, properly describes alcoholic fermentation. Remember that Pyruvate has to pathways that it can go down, either aerobic or anaerobic. Going the method of anaerobic respiration, its goal is to replenish NAD+, which is why it is a product, and also produces the alcohol ethanol.
Equation for aerobic respiration
Glucose + 6O2 -> 6H2O + 6CO2 + ATP, is a general formula for aerobic respiration. Often times you will see glucose replaced with another carbohydrate typically of the formula CH2O. Notice the products and reactants. Because it is Aerobic respiration, Oxygen is a reactant, and carbon dioxide is a product. Water loss is also a product along with the energy production of ATP.
What is the hypothetical net yield of ATP from the breaking down of one molecule of glucose?
The hypothetical net yield of ATP from the breaking down of one molecule of glucose is 32. Remember that this yield is not one that should be expected every time, but is rather a yield that can be potentially obtained. Typically this high yield is not attained. The word net refers to ATP generated (34) minus ATP used (2) = 32.
This total comes from using the most current values of 2.5ATP per NADH and 1.5 ATP per FADH2 rather than the historical values of 3 and 2 respectively. Using these older values would have given a net 36 ATP per glucose which was not an answer choice to avoid confusion.
Which part of the mitochondria does conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA occur in?
The mitochondrial matrix is the part of the mitochondria where the conversion of Pyruvate ? Acetyl CoA occurs in. The matrix part of the mitochondria is the inner fluid part, which is where the Krebs Cycle also occurs in.
What reaction must occur after Glycolysis in order for the Kreb’s Cycle to function
In order for the Kreb’s cycle to function, there is an intermediate step that must take place which involves the conversion of Pyruvate + Coenzyme A ? Acetyl CoA. Carbon dioxide and NADH are both products in this reaction.
ATP is generated by channel proteins in the membrane of the crista. These channel proteins are more specifically called __.
ATP is generated by channel proteins in the membrane of the crista. These channel proteins are more specifically called ATP synthases.
The pH and electrical difference that is built up across the thylakoid membrane of chloroplasts is comparable to the pH and electrical difference that is built up across the __ of mitochondria.
The pH and electrical difference that is built up across the thylakoid membrane of chloroplasts is comparable to the pH and electrical difference that is built up across the crista membrane of mitochondria. The protons are accumulated in the outer compartment, but the pH and electrical difference occurs across the crista membrane.
Plants and fungi undergo alcoholic fermentation, whereas humans undergo a similar but different anaerobic process called __ fermentation.
Plants and fungi undergo alcoholic fermentation, whereas humans undergo a similar but different anaerobic process called lactate fermentation. Both processes have the aim of replenishing NAD+, however alcoholic fermentation has a couple more steps and produces the alcohol ethanol.
Where do protons accumulate in the mitochondria during aerobic respiration
Protons accumulate in the outer compartment of the mitochondria during aerobic respiration. This creates a pH and electrical gradient similar to the one found in chloroplasts during photosynthesis. The purpose of this current and electrical gradient is to allow for the generation of ATP.
Which of the following processes is responsible for the final mass withdrawal of ATP from energy rich molecules that are produced during Aerobic Respiration? Krebs cycle Anaerobic system Glycolysis Calvin Benson cycle Oxidative phosphorylation
Oxidative Phosphorylation is the process that is responsible for the final mass withdrawal of ATP from energy rich molecules that are produced during Aerobic Respiration. This mass withdrawal occurs as the molecules go down the electron transport chain and requires Oxygen which acts as the final electron acceptor in order for it to work.
What is the chief purpose of the anaerobic pathways?
The chief purpose of the anaerobic pathways is to replenish NAD+. The problem that occurs when oxygen is not present, is that there is no electron acceptor to accept electrons at the end of the electron transport chain in oxidative phosphorylation. With no NAD+ readily available, the cell can potentially die because there is no production of ATP. The solution is that NAD+ is replenished in the anaerobic pathways which gives the cell the ability to still produce energy and accept electrons without resulting in death.
Products of the Krebs cycle in Aerobic respiration?
6 NADH, 2 FADH2, 2 ATP, 4 CO2 properly describes the products of the Krebs Cycle in Aerobic Respiration. It is important to know the different products and their yield amounts for the most common steps of aerobic and anaerobic respiration.
Glycolysis occurs in the
While most steps of respiration occur in the mitochondria, Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm. One way of remembering this is that the NADH produced in Glycolysis only produce 2 ATP instead of the standard 3, this is due to the fact that 1 ATP is required for each NADH to be transported from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria.
What is the goal of Glycolysis
The primary goal of Glycolysis is to breakdown Glucose to Pyruvate. Glycolysis starts with an energy rich source such as glucose and breaks it down to 2 Pyruvate. What happens next is dependent upon the presence and or absence of oxygen. Energy is used to break down glucose, but then energy is produced in both the forms of ATP and NADH, however, the primary goal is to get from glucose to 2 Pyruvate.
What is the final product of Aerobic respiration
The final product of Aerobic Respiration is water. The oxygen which acts as a final electron acceptor for the electron transport chain in oxidative phosphorylation, accepts 2H+’s and 2 electrons to combine and form the product water.
