Digestive System

Question 1

Amoeba’s digest their food primarily by

Answer 1

Amoeba’s digest their food primarily by phagocytosis. Food is engulfed in amoebas via phagocytosis and is then further enclosed into food vacuoles. Vacuoles merge with lysosomes and food that is not used is eliminated from the vacuoles.

Question 2

Which of the following chemicals is heavily involved in killing bacteria, and activating many digestive enzymes in the digestive system:
H2O
HCl
CO2
CO3
CCl4

Answer 2

HCl is heavily involved in killing bacteria and activating many digestive enzymes in the digestive system. The stomach itself has to produce a mucus layer to protect itself from the digestive process that occurs. If the stomach is unable to protect itself, the result can be peptic ulcers.

Question 3

In an annelid’s digestive system, they have a __, which is a thick grinding structure.

Answer 3

In an annelid’s digestive system, they have a gizzard, which is a thick grinding structure. The gizzard in an annelid is located just past the esophagus and the crop.

Question 4

Which hormone is primarily involved in the function of the pancreas and gallbladder.

Answer 4

Cholecystokinin is the hormone that is primarily involved in the function of the pancreas and gallbladder. In regards to the gallbladder, it helps trigger the proper release of bile throughout the body, and also the proper release of enzymes in the pancreas. Remember that the gall bladder functions with the pancreas and bile is transported from the bile duct to the pancreatic duct.

Question 5

Which structure is a flap that prevents food from traveling down the trachea

Answer 5

Epiglottis.

Question 6

What is the primary role of bile in the digestive system

Answer 6

Bile is stored in the gallbladder, while it is created by the liver. The gallbladder is conveniently located next to the liver, and travels through the bile duct to the pancreatic duct. The primary role of bile in the digestive system is to emulsify or breakdown fats. Another role while not its primary role is to neutralize the pH. Bile is alkaline and works effectively in neutralizing the pH because of the amount of acidic HCl.

Question 7

Which structure does the breaking down of food begin at

Answer 7

The breaking down of food begins at the mouth. The salivary glands release an enzyme into the mouth which helps breakdown sugars. The enzyme is properly termed salivary amylase. There is also the breaking down of food by chewing, and the formation of bolus so that it can be further swallowed and digested.

Question 8

Chief cells release __, while parietal cells release __.

Answer 8

Chief cells release pepsinogen while parietal cells release acid. Pepsinogen is an inactive form (zymogen) of pepsin, which is then signaled by acid from the parietal cells to turn into pepsin. This is done in order to breakdown proteins in the stomach.

Question 9

The first part of the small intestine is referred to as the

Answer 9

The first part of the small intestine is referred to as the duodenum. The duodenum ? Jejunum ? Ilium is the proper order. These portions of the small intestine are important to remember and frequently questions about them arise on tests.

Question 10

Where is bile stored in the body

Answer 10

Bile is stored in the gallbladder, while it is created by the liver. The gallbladder is conveniently located next to the liver, and travels through the bile duct to the pancreatic duct. The primary role of bile in the digestive system is to emulsify or breakdown fats. Another role while not its primary role is to neutralize the pH. Bile is alkaline and works effectively in neutralizing the pH because of the amount of acidic HCl.

Question 11

During digestion, starches are broken down into

Answer 11

glucose

Question 12

Identify the proper order of the small intestine

Answer 12

The duodenum, Jejunum, Ilium is the proper order of the small intestine.

Question 13

The stomach secretes __, which aids in the physical and chemical breakdown of food, storing, mixing, and release.

Answer 13

The stomach secretes gastric acid, which aids in the physical and chemical breakdown of food, storing, mixing, and release. Gastric acid itself is a combination of acid in the form of HCl along with different digestive enzymes.

Question 14

The valve located at the end of the stomach is known as the

Answer 14

The valve located at the end of the stomach is known as the pyloric sphincter. The pyloric sphincter helps regulate chyme moving from the stomach to the small intestine.

Question 15

Which of the following enzymes is involved with the chemical breakdown of proteins
Pepsin
Lipase
Amylase
Protease
Trypsin

Answer 15

Pepsin is involved with the chemical breakdown of proteins, as it is the enzyme that activates it.. Anything with the term “pep” in it refers to proteins so this is fairly easy to remember. Peptic ulcers, peptides, poly-peptide chains, pepsin, pepsinogen, etc. This protein breakdown initially occurs in the stomach.

Question 16

Which of the following enzymes is involved with the chemical breakdown of starch
Pepsin
Lipase
Amylase
Protease
Trypsin

Answer 16

Amylase is involved with the chemical breakdown of starch. The pancreas produces the enzyme pancreatic amylase and works in breaking down starch in digestion.

Question 17

Enzymes involved in digestion are found in the

Answer 17

Enzymes involved in digestion are found in the pancreas, liver, small intestine, and the large intestine. Not all of the same enzymes are found in each structure, however, they all do produce enzymes that are involved in digestion.

Question 18

Peptic ulcers in the stomach can be treated effectively by physicians through the means of

Answer 18

Peptic ulcers in the stomach can be treated effectively by physicians through the means of antibiotics. Although diet could have some ultimate impact on the formation of peptic ulcers along with stress, the proper way of treating peptic ulcers in the stomach is through the use of antibiotics.

Question 19

When the stomach’s water, food, and gastric juice come together and combine they are termed ___.

Answer 19

When the stomach’s water, food, and gastric juice come together and combine they are termed chyme. Chyme turns into a creamy liquid that you would expect if you mixed water, food, and gastric juice together. This mixing allows for better digestion.

Question 20

Correct order of digestion

Answer 20

The correct order of digestion is: Mouth, Small intestine, Large intestine. It is important to note that the small intestine precedes the large intestine, and also that the esophagus proceeds after the pharynx in digestion.

Question 21

A person with Jaundice probably has a __ that is not functioning correctly.

Answer 21

A person with Jaundice has a liver that is not functioning correctly. Because the liver is not functioning correctly, the pancreas and gall bladder could both likewise be experiencing functioning problems with Jaundice. The eyes and skin turn yellow when someone has Jaundice. The reason for this specific color is caused from bilirubin which is a byproduct of erythrocytes.

Question 22

During digestion, proteins are broken down into

Answer 22

During digestion, proteins are broken down into amino acids. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins.

Question 23

Digestion in Hydra occurs via

Answer 23

Digestion in Hydra occurs via both extracellular and intracellular digestion. Food is first broken down extracellular, but once it is smaller, it is then engulfed and digestion is finished intracellular.

Question 24

How does the stomach protect its own lining from being broken down

Answer 24

The stomach protects its own lining from being broken down by creating a mucus lining in the stomach which prevents the actual digestion of the stomach itself. This mucous layer is produced by goblet cells in the epithelium layer. Before protein digestion “typically” begins, this mucus layer is formed for protecting the stomach. If, however, pepsinogen is not properly generated along with the mucus layer to protect the stomach, then the body can break down quickly forming peptic ulcers.

Question 25

During digestion food is moved down the esophagus by:

Answer 25

During digestion food is moved down the esophagus by peristalsis. Peristalsis moves food by muscular contractions in the esophagus, which then leads to the entryway of the stomach.

Question 26

What is the primary function of the large intestine

Answer 26

The primary function of the large intestine is water reabsorption. This water reabsorption works effectively in producing feces. When someone has improper water reabsorption levels in the large intestine, dehydration can occur. Diarrhea is an example of this.