Practice Test 1 Flashcards
In the process of exocytosis, the plasma membrane and the membrane of which organelle come together?
secretory vesicle
In comparison to the passage of polar solvents through a cell membrane, the passage of non polar solvents through a cell membrane occurs much more rapidly. This is indicative of
a significant proportion of lipid in the composition of the membrane
When energy is expended to move molecules up a concentration gradient, the process is termed
passive transport
Which of the following organelles is NOT encapsulated within a membrane? a. nucleus b. mitochondrion c. Golgi apparatus d. peroxisome e. centriole
e. centriole
The addition of an enzyme to a solution yields glucose. The enzyme may have acted on which of the following components of the original solution to produce the glucose? a. lipids b. RNA c. DNA d. glycogen e. albumin
c. DNA
NAD and FAD are important to biochemical pathways because of their role as
oxidation-reduction coenzymes
Organisms that use respiration in conjunction with glycolysis are _______ organisms that use anaerobic means of obtaining energy from the degradation of food.
twice as efficient as
The accessory pigments involved in photosynthesis, chlorophyll b, xanthophylls, anthocyanins, and carotenoids, have importance because they
absorb different wavelengths and pass them on to chlorophyll a
Which of the following invertebrates share the most similarities with primitive vertebrates? a. Arthropoda b. Annelida c. Cnidaria d. Nematoda e. Echinodermata
e. Echinodermata
Of the following, which is (are) considered to be a true cell (true cells)? I. Erythrocytes II. Leukocytes III. Platelets
I. Erythrocytes
When referring to the propagation of an impulse within the heart, the ___ is referred to as the “pacemaker” because it has the ___ rate of spontaneous depolarization.
sinoatrial node; fastest
A coma may result from an excessive amount of insulin. This excess is due to
a depletion of blood sugar
Which of the following are globular proteins? I. Antibodies II. Actin and myosin III. Collagen IV. Hemoglobin
I. Antibodies and III. Collagen
Tropomyosin
blocks the binding sites on actin, preventing myosin cross-bridge attachment at low Ca2+ levels
A cell undergoing mitosis that has lost its nuclear membrane but in which chromosomes are aligned before separation and migration to opposite poles is in which stage?
metaphase
In contrast to electrical synapses, chemical synapses are
the site of unidirectional communication between neurons.
Assuming independent assortment, the possible number of different gamete types from three homologous pairs is
8
The final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain is
molecular oxygen
Unequal distribution of cytoplasm from the germ cell is founding
oogenesis
Gastrulation refers to
the developmental process that produces the three primary germ layers
A “zinger” denotes an abnormal phenotype. When zingers are interbred, a phenotypic ratio of two zingers to one normal occurs; 1/4 of the offspring die. When a zinger is crossed with a mate having a normal phenotype, 1/2 of the offspring are zingers, 1/2 are normal, and none dies. The most probable explanation is that zingers
have dominant traits that are lethal when homozygous
____ polymerizes to form the fibrous portion of a clot.
Fibrin
Which of the following vessels carries oxygenated blood? a. pulmonary artery b. umbilical artery c. thoracic duct d. umbilical vein e. hepatic vein
d. umbilical vein
Lymph from the small intestines travels directly to the
cisterna chyli
Most homeostatic control mechanisms function via
negative feedback causing a decrease in the original stimulus
When members of two species are neither benefited nor harmed by an association, the relationship is termed
commensalism
The level of taxonomic classification that includes the greatest number of organisms is the
class
Meat is cured with large amounts of salt to retard spoilage. The salt causes the cells of bacteria and fungi to
crenate
Which of the following is INCORRECTLY associated with its description? a. vitamin A: retinol, fat soluble, required for synthesis of photoreceptor pigments b. vitamin B2: thiamine, large amounts stored in body, part of coenzyme cocarboxylase c. vitamin C: excess excreted by kidneys, important in collagen synthesis, antioxidant d. vitamin D: produced in skin by irradiation of 7-dehydrocholesterol by UV light e. niacin: deprivation can cause pellagra, very limited amount stored in body
b. vitamin B2: thiamine, large amounts stored in body, part of coenzyme cocarboxylase
The primary difference between eukaryotes and prokaryotes is that prokaryotes lack
a nuclear envelope
A cell is found to have ribosomes, lysosomes, and chromosomes, but no cell wall. This cell is from
an animal, but not a protozoan
Two different DNA molecules are described below. DNA molecule #1 has a greater proportion of adenine-thyamine (A-T) bonds than guanine-cytosine (G-C) bonds. DNA molecule#2 has a greater proportion of guanine0cytosine (G-C) bonds than adenine-thyamine (A-T) bonds. It can be concluded that a. DNA #1 will be more stable b. DNA #2 will be more stable c. DNA #1 and #2 will exhibit equal stability d. DNA #1 will be altered during mitosis e. DNA #2 will be altered during mitosis
b. DNA #2 will be more stable
____ (1707-1778) developed the binomial system of taxonomy that is still used today to group organisms into hierarchical categories. He is known as the father of taxonomy.
Carolus Linnaeus
The following are all forms of pre zygotic reproduction isolation mechanisms EXCEPT a. gametic b. mechanical c. reduced hybrid vitality d. ecological e. temporal
d. ecological
During transcription a. the information contained within RNA is transferred to a polypeptide b. the information contained within the polypeptide sequence is transferred to RNA c. information from nucleic acids is moved to proteins d. RNA molecules are formed from DNA templates by a process not unlike DNA replication e. tRNA functions as an important interpreter
the information contained within RNA is transferred to a polypeptide
Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding the process of protein synthesis? a. The A site holds the tRNA attached to the growing polypeptide chain, while the P site holds the next amino acid to be added. b. If the reading frame is shifted, a completely different set of amino acids will result. c. The stat codon is usually AUG. d. There are three steps: chain initiation, chain elongation, and chain termination. e. Peptidyl transferase is the enzyme involved in the formation of the peptide bond between the polypeptide in the P site and the amino acid in the A site.
The A site holds the tRNA attached to the growing polypeptide chain, while the P site holds the next amino acid to be added.
Which of the statements below is (are) true in regard to the follwing pedigree?
The father has the genotype rr and the mother has the genotype Rr.
I. The recessive homozygotes are phenotypically normal.
II. The genotype for the male grandchildren is rr.
III. The probability that the first generation will inherit the trait is 1/2.
I. The recessive homozygotes are phenotypically normal.
and
III. The probability that the first generation will inherit the trait is 1/2.
Which of the follwing hormones is produced in the porsterior pituitary?
a. prolactin
b. leutinizing hormone
c. growth hormone
d. corticosteroid hormone
e. oxytocin
e. oxytocin
Which of the following is a mode (are modes) of asexual reproduciton?
a. Fragmentation
b. Regeneration
c. Budding
d. a and c
e. a, b, and c
e. a, b, and c
fragmentation
regeneration
budding
Describe the characteristics of a savanna
tropical or semitropical grassland; low precipitation; found in the interiors of continents
