Practice Test 1

Question 1

In the process of exocytosis, the plasma membrane and the membrane of which organelle come together?

Answer 1

secretory vesicle

Question 2

In comparison to the passage of polar solvents through a cell membrane, the passage of non polar solvents through a cell membrane occurs much more rapidly. This is indicative of

Answer 2

a significant proportion of lipid in the composition of the membrane

Question 3

When energy is expended to move molecules up a concentration gradient, the process is termed

Answer 3

passive transport

Question 4

Which of the following organelles is NOT encapsulated within a membrane? a. nucleus b. mitochondrion c. Golgi apparatus d. peroxisome e. centriole

Answer 4

e. centriole

Question 5

The addition of an enzyme to a solution yields glucose. The enzyme may have acted on which of the following components of the original solution to produce the glucose? a. lipids b. RNA c. DNA d. glycogen e. albumin

Answer 5

c. DNA

Question 6

NAD and FAD are important to biochemical pathways because of their role as

Answer 6

oxidation-reduction coenzymes

Question 7

Organisms that use respiration in conjunction with glycolysis are _______ organisms that use anaerobic means of obtaining energy from the degradation of food.

Answer 7

twice as efficient as

Question 8

The accessory pigments involved in photosynthesis, chlorophyll b, xanthophylls, anthocyanins, and carotenoids, have importance because they

Answer 8

absorb different wavelengths and pass them on to chlorophyll a

Question 9

Which of the following invertebrates share the most similarities with primitive vertebrates? a. Arthropoda b. Annelida c. Cnidaria d. Nematoda e. Echinodermata

Answer 9

e. Echinodermata

Question 10

Of the following, which is (are) considered to be a true cell (true cells)? I. Erythrocytes II. Leukocytes III. Platelets

Answer 10

I. Erythrocytes

Question 11

When referring to the propagation of an impulse within the heart, the ___ is referred to as the “pacemaker” because it has the ___ rate of spontaneous depolarization.

Answer 11

sinoatrial node; fastest

Question 12

A coma may result from an excessive amount of insulin. This excess is due to

Answer 12

a depletion of blood sugar

Question 13

Which of the following are globular proteins? I. Antibodies II. Actin and myosin III. Collagen IV. Hemoglobin

Answer 13

I. Antibodies and III. Collagen

Question 14

Tropomyosin

Answer 14

blocks the binding sites on actin, preventing myosin cross-bridge attachment at low Ca2+ levels

Question 15

A cell undergoing mitosis that has lost its nuclear membrane but in which chromosomes are aligned before separation and migration to opposite poles is in which stage?

Answer 15

metaphase

Question 16

In contrast to electrical synapses, chemical synapses are

Answer 16

the site of unidirectional communication between neurons.

Question 17

Assuming independent assortment, the possible number of different gamete types from three homologous pairs is

Answer 17

8

Question 18

The final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain is

Answer 18

molecular oxygen

Question 19

Unequal distribution of cytoplasm from the germ cell is founding

Answer 19

oogenesis

Question 20

Gastrulation refers to

Answer 20

the developmental process that produces the three primary germ layers

Question 21

A “zinger” denotes an abnormal phenotype. When zingers are interbred, a phenotypic ratio of two zingers to one normal occurs; 1/4 of the offspring die. When a zinger is crossed with a mate having a normal phenotype, 1/2 of the offspring are zingers, 1/2 are normal, and none dies. The most probable explanation is that zingers

Answer 21

have dominant traits that are lethal when homozygous

Question 22

____ polymerizes to form the fibrous portion of a clot.

Answer 22

Fibrin

Question 23

Which of the following vessels carries oxygenated blood? a. pulmonary artery b. umbilical artery c. thoracic duct d. umbilical vein e. hepatic vein

Answer 23

d. umbilical vein

Question 24

Lymph from the small intestines travels directly to the

Answer 24

cisterna chyli

Question 25

Most homeostatic control mechanisms function via

Answer 25

negative feedback causing a decrease in the original stimulus

Question 26

When members of two species are neither benefited nor harmed by an association, the relationship is termed

Answer 26

commensalism

Question 27

The level of taxonomic classification that includes the greatest number of organisms is the

Answer 27

class

Question 28

Meat is cured with large amounts of salt to retard spoilage. The salt causes the cells of bacteria and fungi to

Answer 28

crenate

Question 29

Which of the following is INCORRECTLY associated with its description? a. vitamin A: retinol, fat soluble, required for synthesis of photoreceptor pigments b. vitamin B2: thiamine, large amounts stored in body, part of coenzyme cocarboxylase c. vitamin C: excess excreted by kidneys, important in collagen synthesis, antioxidant d. vitamin D: produced in skin by irradiation of 7-dehydrocholesterol by UV light e. niacin: deprivation can cause pellagra, very limited amount stored in body

Answer 29

b. vitamin B2: thiamine, large amounts stored in body, part of coenzyme cocarboxylase

Question 30

The primary difference between eukaryotes and prokaryotes is that prokaryotes lack

Answer 30

a nuclear envelope

Question 31

A cell is found to have ribosomes, lysosomes, and chromosomes, but no cell wall. This cell is from

Answer 31

an animal, but not a protozoan

Question 32

Two different DNA molecules are described below. DNA molecule #1 has a greater proportion of adenine-thyamine (A-T) bonds than guanine-cytosine (G-C) bonds. DNA molecule#2 has a greater proportion of guanine0cytosine (G-C) bonds than adenine-thyamine (A-T) bonds. It can be concluded that a. DNA #1 will be more stable b. DNA #2 will be more stable c. DNA #1 and #2 will exhibit equal stability d. DNA #1 will be altered during mitosis e. DNA #2 will be altered during mitosis

Answer 32

b. DNA #2 will be more stable

Question 33

____ (1707-1778) developed the binomial system of taxonomy that is still used today to group organisms into hierarchical categories. He is known as the father of taxonomy.

Answer 33

Carolus Linnaeus

Question 34

The following are all forms of pre zygotic reproduction isolation mechanisms EXCEPT a. gametic b. mechanical c. reduced hybrid vitality d. ecological e. temporal

Answer 34

d. ecological

Question 35

During transcription a. the information contained within RNA is transferred to a polypeptide b. the information contained within the polypeptide sequence is transferred to RNA c. information from nucleic acids is moved to proteins d. RNA molecules are formed from DNA templates by a process not unlike DNA replication e. tRNA functions as an important interpreter

Answer 35

the information contained within RNA is transferred to a polypeptide

Question 36

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding the process of protein synthesis? a. The A site holds the tRNA attached to the growing polypeptide chain, while the P site holds the next amino acid to be added. b. If the reading frame is shifted, a completely different set of amino acids will result. c. The stat codon is usually AUG. d. There are three steps: chain initiation, chain elongation, and chain termination. e. Peptidyl transferase is the enzyme involved in the formation of the peptide bond between the polypeptide in the P site and the amino acid in the A site.

Answer 36

The A site holds the tRNA attached to the growing polypeptide chain, while the P site holds the next amino acid to be added.

Question 37

Which of the statements below is (are) true in regard to the follwing pedigree?

The father has the genotype rr and the mother has the genotype Rr.

I. The recessive homozygotes are phenotypically normal.

II. The genotype for the male grandchildren is rr.

III. The probability that the first generation will inherit the trait is 1/2.

Answer 37

I. The recessive homozygotes are phenotypically normal.

and

III. The probability that the first generation will inherit the trait is 1/2.

Question 38

Which of the follwing hormones is produced in the porsterior pituitary?

a. prolactin
b. leutinizing hormone
c. growth hormone
d. corticosteroid hormone
e. oxytocin

Answer 38

e. oxytocin

Question 39

Which of the following is a mode (are modes) of asexual reproduciton?

a. Fragmentation
b. Regeneration
c. Budding
d. a and c
e. a, b, and c

Answer 39

e. a, b, and c

fragmentation

regeneration

budding

Question 40

Describe the characteristics of a savanna

Answer 40

tropical or semitropical grassland; low precipitation; found in the interiors of continents