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Histology Final > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

two portions of respiratory system

A

conducting Portion: nasal cavities, Pharynx, Larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles

Respiratory Portion: respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, sacs, alveoli —-> pulmonary acinus

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2
Q

Nasal cavities

A

Vestibule
Respiratory area
Olfactory area

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3
Q

Respiratory area

A

with respiratory mucosa:

  • pseudostratified
  • lamina propria
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4
Q

The 6 cells of respiratory epithelium

A 
Goblet
Basal
Ciliated
Serous
Brush
Endocrine
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5
Q

Ciliated cells

A
  • tall
  • lots of mitochondria to provide ATP
  • Traps matter and cleans air
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6
Q

Goblet cells

A
  • apical part contains granules with mucinogen that forms mucus
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7
Q

Basal cell

A
  • DO NOT REACH APICAL SURFACE

- gives rise to other cells

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8
Q

Serous cell

A
  • columnar

- secretes serous secretion

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9
Q

Brush cell

A
  • narrow columnar
  • with tall microvilli
  • have contact with sensory fibers on basal Surface
  • sensory receptor
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10
Q

Endocrine cell

A
  • small granules in basal part

- Contents secreted into blood and act on other cells

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11
Q

Lamina propria of respiratory mucosa in nose

A

loose CT

  • highly vascularized erectile tissue: a lot of capillaries and veins for warming function
  • mixed muco-serous Glands: provide mucus to huidify the air and trap dust

mucosa lies on periosteum/ - chondrium

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12
Q

Pharynx - three regions

A

Oropharynx –> stratified squamous
Nasopharynx –> respiratory epithelium
Laryngopharynx –> stratified squamous

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13
Q

Lamina propria of pharynx

A

loose CT
mucous Glands
lymph nodules!!

mucosa lies on musculature

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14
Q

Epiglottis

A

Elastic cartilage

stratified suqamous non-keratinizing AND respiratory
lamina propria with muco-serous glands

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15
Q

Laryngeal mucosa

A 
respiratory Epithelium (vocal cord --> stratified suqamous)
lamina proprie with muco-serous Glands

mucosa lies on laryngeal cartilages, ligaments and musculature –> are all hyaline cartilages

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16
Q

Wall structure or trachea and bronchi

A

Mucosa:

  • Epithelium
  • lamina propria
  • lamina muscularis

Submucosa

Cartilaginous layer!!!

Adventitia

17
Q

Developmental sources

A

Epithelium: from endoderm

Other tissues: from mesoderm

18
Q

Mucosa of trachea

A

respiratory Epithelium on b.m.
lamina propria with lymphatic nodules (no Glands)
lamina muscularis

19
Q

Submucosa of trachea

A

loose CT
sero-mucous Glands
lymphatic nodules

20
Q

Cartilaginous layer of trachea

A
  • 16-20 C shaped rings of hyaline cartilage
  • posteriolry: rings are connected by trachealis muscle
  • dense CT between rings
21
Q

Bronchial wall compared to trachea

A

Chips of cartilage instead of rings

no lymphatic nodules

22
Q

Bronchial tree

A

Main bronchi
Lobar bronchi
Segmental bronchi

23
Q

Structural changes of the brochial tree

A

Epithelium: pseudostratified –> simple columnar

less goblet cells

less Seromucous Glands

less cartilage

24
Q

Mucosa of Bronchioles

A
  • respiratory –> simple cuboidal ciliated –> non-ciliated
  • Ciliated cells replaced by CLARA CELLS
  • lamina propria
  • lamina muscularis: smooth mscuel increases

no cartilage
no Glands
no goblet cells

25
Q

Clara/club cells

A

in mucosa of bronchiole

  • columnar cells
  • domed apices
  • short microvilli
  • apical cytoplasm with secretory granules
26
Q

Functions of Clara cells

A
  • secrete Surface active Agent
  • secrete CC16
  • detoxify inhaled Toxins
  • act as stem cells
27
Q

Pulmonary acinus

A

Respiratory bronchioles
Alveolar ducts
Alveolar sacs
Alveoli

28
Q

Respiratory bronchioles

A

first alveoli arise from their wall

terminate in alveolar ducts

29
Q

Alveolar duct

A

linear Arrangements of alveoli

through atria leads to alveolar sacs

30
Q

Alveolar sac

A

Space which opens into several alveoli

31
Q

Alveoli

A
  • area for gaseous Exchange
  • spimle squamous Epithelium with type I and II penumocytes
  • Alveolar Septum between alveoli
  • Alveolar pores: Openings in alveolar septa
32
Q

Type I pneumocyte

A
  • squamous
  • organelles around flat nucleus
  • joined to other cells by tight junctions
  • part of blood-air-barrier
  • for gas exchange
33
Q

Type II pneumocyte

A
  • large and round
  • cytoplasm with vesicles of surfactant
  • synthesized and secretes surfactant
  • can differentiate into type I after damage
34
Q

Surfactant

A
  • Phospholipids, carbohydrates, proteins
  • reduces Surface Tension
  • traps Bacteria and viruses
35
Q

Alveolar macrophages

A
  • from monocytes
  • in alveolar Septa
  • migrate between type I cells
  • phagocytose dust and bacteria
36
Q

Blood-air-barrier (respiratory membrane)

A
  1. Endothelium of capillary
  2. Fused Basement membranes of cap. and alveoli
  3. Type I pneumocyte
  4. Surfactant

Histology Final (18 decks)

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