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Histology Final > Male reproductive system > Flashcards

Male reproductive system Flashcards

1
Q

male inner genital organs

A
  • testes (male gonads)
  • Genital ducts (Conduct sperm to urethra –>epidydimis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct)
  • Accessory Glands (seminal vesicles, prostate, bulbourethral Gland)
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2
Q

Main function of testes

A
  • production of male gametes

- Secretion of male sex hormones

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3
Q

Testicular capsule

A
  • tunica vaginalis (layers of Peritoneum)
  • tunica albuginea (dense CT with fibromyocytes)
  • tunica vasculosa (loose CTwith blood and lymph vessels)
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4
Q

Stroma and Parenchyma of the testes

A

Stroma: loose CT
Parenchyme: Epithelium

seminiferous tubules –> straight tubules (columnar) –> rete testis (cuboidal) –> efferent ductule (pseudostratified) –> epidydimis (pseudostratified)

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5
Q

Development of the testes

A
  • genital ridges in Mesoderm
  • ceolomic Epithelium forms sex Cords
  • 5-6th week: primordial germ cells migrate from the yolk sac to sex Cords
  • from 7th week: sex determining Region of Y chromosome
  • sex Cords: into seminiferous tubules and rete testis
  • Primordial germ cells: into spermatoginia
  • Epithelium of sex Cords: into Sertoli cells
  • tubules of mesonephros: into efferent ductules
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6
Q

Wall of seminiferous tubules

A

spermatogenic Epithelium

Lamina propria

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7
Q

Spermatogenic epithelium

A
  • supporting Sertoli cells
  • Spermatogenic cells in various stages
    >Spermatogonia
    >Primary spermatocytes
    >Secondary spermatocytes
    >Spermatids
    >Spermatozoa

von unten nach oben

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8
Q

Phases of spermatogenesis

A
  1. Proliferation (mitotic divisions of spermatogonia)
  2. Maturation (Meiosis of spermatocytes)
  3. Formation (Spermatids –> spermatozoa) “Spermiogenesis”
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9
Q

Spermatogonia

A
  • in basal layer of spermatogenic Epithelium
  • Round
  • divide mitotically
  • Three types (A dark, A pale, B)
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10
Q

Type A dark spermatogonia

A
  • dark nucleus
  • part of this type remains as stem cell
  • other parts undergo mitotic divisions and become A pale spermatogonia
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11
Q

Type A pale spermatogonia

A
  • pale nucleus
  • eccentric nucleus
  • become B spermatogonia
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12
Q

Type B spermatogonia

A
  • pale nucleus
  • nucleus in Center
  • beceome Primary spermatocytes
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13
Q

Primary Spermatocytes

A
  • migrate to abluminal compartment of seminiferous tubules

- first meiotic division to two daughter cells (secondary spermatocytes)

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14
Q

Secondary spermatocytes

A
  • undergo second meiotc division to produce two spermatids
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15
Q

Spermatids

A
  • round
  • with set of haploid chromosomes
  • transform into spermatozoa
  • 1/3 of the 4 spermatids are phagocytosed by Sertoli cells
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16
Q

Events during spermiogenesis (Formation of spermatozoa)

A
  • Golgi produces acrosomal head cap to cover nucleus
  • nucleus elongates
  • Distal centriole forms Flagellum
  • Mitochondria concentrate in middle piece of tail
  • residual Body is phagocytosed by Sertoli cells
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17
Q

Syncytium

A
  • gametes do not completely separate from each other

- stay connected by narrow cytoplasmic bridges

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18
Q

Syncytium determines

A
  • close communication
  • Connection to Sertoli cells
  • Synchonous development of spermatozoa
19
Q

Spermatozoa

A
  • detach from tubule wall
  • are functionally immature
  • moved passivley to epidydimis
20
Q

Sertoli cells

A
  • supporting epithelial cells
  • Columnar_ rest in b.m., apical part extends into lumen
  • connected by junctional complex –> divides spermatogenic Epithelium
  • –> Basal compoartment: with spermatogonia
  • –> Adluminal comparment: with spermatocytes and spermatids
21
Q

Functions of Sertoli cells

A
  • support the gametes
  • blood-testis-barrier
  • phagocytosis
  • secretion of:
    >ABP
    >Tubular fluid
    > Müllerian inhibiting substance (MIS)

–> stimualted by FSH

22
Q

Lamina propria of seminiferous tubules

A
  • contains the myoid cells -_> contraction causes a fluid current
23
Q

Testicular stroma

A

loose CT with blood vessels and nerves

also with Leydig cells

24
Q

Leydig cells

A
  • large
  • Lipid vacuoles
  • secrete testosterone into blood
  • stimulated by LH (also called ICSH)
25
Q

Functional significance of Leydig cells

A

Fetal period: testosterone stimualtes development of male genitals

Puberty: induce Formation of secondary sexual characteristics

Male reproductive period: spermatogenesis, sexual behaviour…

26
Q

Hormonal Regulation of spermatogenesis

A

LH –> Leydig cells –> testosterone
FSH –> Sertoli cells –> ABP

Testosterone binds to ABP to stimulate spermatogenesis

27
Q

Descent of testes

A

From abdominal cavity to scrotum through
GUBERNACULUM TESTIS
–> condensation of mesenchyme

28
Q

Male genital ducts

A

Intratesticular:
straight tubules
Rete testis

Extratesticular:
Efferent ductules
duct of epidydimis
ductus deferens
ejacolatory duct
male urethra
29
Q

Development of male genital ducts

A
  • during indifferent stage: Mesonephric and paramesoneohric ducts (wolffian and müllerian ducts)
  • from 8th week:
    Mesonephric tubules –> efferent tubules
    Mesonephric duct –> duct of epidydimis, ductus deferens, seminal vesicle, ejaculatory duct
30
Q

Straight tubules

A
  • lined by columnar supporting Sertoli cells

- short

31
Q

Rete tesis

A
  • simple cuboidal epithelium
32
Q

Efferent ductules

A
  • connect channels of rete testis to duct of epididymis
33
Q

Wall of efferent ductule

A
  • pseudostratified columnar
  • 3 types of cells
  1. Columnar ciliated
  2. Cuboidal (with microvilli for Reabsorption of fluid)
  3. Basal cells

lamina propria with myocytes that contract

34
Q

Epididymis

A
  • head, Body, tail

- consists of efferent tubules and duct of epididymis

35
Q

Duct of epididymis

A
  • very convoluted

- spermatozoa are stored and matured

36
Q

Wall of duct of epididymis

A
  • pseudostratified columnar
  • 2 types of cells
  1. Principla columnar with stereocilia for Reabsorption
  2. Basal (stem) cells

lamina propria with myocytes that contract

37
Q

Wall of ductus deferens

A

Mucosa:

  • pseduostratified
  • Lamina propria

Muscular layer:

  • inner logitudinal
  • middle circular
  • outer longitudinal

Adventitia

38
Q

Ejaculatory duct

A

through prostate Gland –> looses muscular layer and Adventitia!!

Mucosa either with pseudostratified or simple columnar

39
Q

Male accessory glands

A

Seminal vesicles
Prostate Gland
Bulbourethral glands

40
Q

Seminal vesicles

A

Mucosa:

  • pseudostratified / simple columnar
  • lamina propria

Muscular layer

  • inner circular
  • outer longitudinal

Adventitia

–> secrete fluid that contains Fructose, aa and prostaglandins

41
Q

Prostate gland

A
  • size of walnut
  • stroma: dense irregular CT with large amount of muscle fibers
  • parenchyma: epithelial tissue
  • 30-50 tubuloalveolar Glands
  • -> irregular in shape
  • -> pseudostratified, simple columnar, cuboidal
  • -> secrete alkaline fluid

3 layers of Glands

  • Periurethral Glands (mucosa) directly in urethra
  • from submucosa and peripeheral layer: have ducts
42
Q

Moprhological and functional zones of prostate gland

A
  1. Transitional Zone: surrounds proximal prostatic urethra
  2. Central Zone: surrounds ejaculatory ducts
  3. Peripheral Zone: surrounds central Zone
  4. Anterior fibromuscular stroma: co glandular tissue, anteriorly
43
Q

Bulbourethral glands

A
  • tubuloalveolar Glands
  • structure similar to seminal vesicles
  • secrete mucus-like secretion with is the preseminal fluid
44
Q

Semen

A

Spermatozoa, secretion of seminal vesicles, prostatic Glands and bulourethral glands

Histology Final (18 decks)

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