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Histology Final > Cadriovascular system > Flashcards

Cadriovascular system Flashcards

1
Q

Cardiac fibrous skeleton

A

4 fibrous rings surrounding Valve orifices

2 fibrous trogones connecting the rings and the membranous part of the interventricular septum

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2
Q

Valves

A

Atrioventricular (tricuspid, bicupsid)
Semilunar (Aorta, pulmonary)

layers:
dense CT (Valve leaflet)
subendothelial CT
Endothelium
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3
Q

Three layers of heart wall

A

Endocardium
Myocardium
Epicardium

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4
Q

Endocardium

A

thicker in atrium than in ventricle

Layers:
1. Endothelium - simple suqamous
2- Subendothelial loose CT
3. Myoelastic layer - CT and smooth muscle cells
4. Subendocardial layer: loose CT and Purkinje cells

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5
Q

Myocardium

A

thicker in ventricles than in atria

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6
Q

Epicardium

A

2 layers:

  1. Mesothelium (simple squamous) (außen)
  2. Underling loose CT and adipose tissue (innen)
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7
Q

Cardiac conducting system

A 
Sinoatrial node (SA): specialized cells near Junction of sup. vena Cava and right atrium
--> initiates Impulse along internidal tracts

Atrioventricular node (AV): carried across ventricles by bundle of His

Bundle of his: divides into left and right and then into purkinje fibers

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8
Q

Purkinje cells

A
  • in subendocardial layer
  • elongates cells with large nuclei
  • glycogen and mitochondria
  • propagate impuls and stimulate cardiac muscle
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9
Q

Classification of blood vessels

A 
ARTERIES
- elastic
- musclular
ARTERIOLES
CAPILLARIES AND AV SHUNTS
VENULES
VEINS
- small
- middle sized
- large
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10
Q

Organization of blood vessel wall

A

von innen nach außen

  1. tunica intima
  2. tunica media
  3. tunica adventitia
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11
Q

Tunica intima

A

Endothelium
Subendothelial loose CT
Internal elastic membrane (in arteries)

Structures have longitudinal orientation

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12
Q

Endothelial cells

A
  • connected by tight junctions
  • vesicles for Transport across Endothelium
  • actin and Myosin fibers in cytoplasm
  • Variety of Surface adhesion molecules and receptors
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13
Q

Functions of Endothelium (6)

A
  • selective permeability barrier
  • nonthrombogenic barrier
  • Regeneration and growth
  • Modulation of blood flow
  • immune Responses
  • hormonal Synthesis
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14
Q

Tunica media

A
  • smooth muscle and CT
  • External elascic membrane (in arteries)
  • structues have circular orientation
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15
Q

Tunica adventitia

A

loose CT

structures have longitudinal orientation
- thickest layer of veins

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16
Q

Vasa vasorum

A
  • tunica Adventitia and media of arteries
  • all layers of veins

System of vessels that supply wall of vessels themselves

17
Q

Nervi vasculares

A
  • autonomic nerves that Control contraction and Dilation of smooth muscle in vascular walls
18
Q

Elastic arteries

A

Aorta, brachiocephalic, subclavian, common carotid…

t. intima:
- Endothelium
- subendothelial loose CT with myocytes
- internal elastic membrane (non conspicuous)

t. media:
- 40-70 concentric lamellae
- external elastic membrane (non conspicuous)

t. Adventitia
- loose CT with fibroblasts, Collagen and elastic fibers

19
Q

Muscular arteries

A

t. intima:
- Endothelium
- subendothelial loose CT
- internal elastic membrane (sheet of Elastin)

t. media:
- smooth muscle
- external elastic membrane

t. adventitia
- loose CT with Collagen and elastic fibers

20
Q

Sectors of microvascular bed

A

Arterioles
Capillaries or Arteriovenous shunts
Venules

21
Q

Arteriole

A

t. intima:
Endothelium

t. media:
- 1-3 smooth mscule cells arranged radially

t. adventitia:
- loose CT (thin)!

22
Q

Capillary wall

A

Endothelial cells
Basement membrane
+ occasional pericytes

23
Q

Types of capillaries

A

Continuous
Fenestrated
Sinusoidal (discontinuous)

24
Q

Continuous capillary

A
  • continuous Endothelium
  • continuous b.m.
  • in tissues where gases and small molecules are exchanged
  • CNS, msucles, nerves, lungs
25
Q

Fenestrated capillary

A
  • Endothelium with fenestrations
  • contiuous b.m.

Most fenestrations have membranous diaphragms
- for large volumes of fluid, electrolytes, AA

26
Q

Sinusoidal (discontinuous) capillary

A 
- discontinuous Endothelium:
 >pores and holes
 >Fenestrations without diaphragms
 >Gaps between cells
- dicontinuous b.m.

in liver, Spleen, bone marrow

27
Q

Pericytes

A

capillaries, postcapillary venules

contract
structural support
stem cells to repair damage

28
Q

Classification of Arteriovenous shunts

A
  • preferential thoroughfare channels
  • arteriovenous anastomoses (AVA)
    »> simple AVA
    »> specialized AVA
29
Q

Preferential thoroughfare channle

A
  • allows blood to pass from arteriole to venule
  • proximal Segment –> metarteriole
  • metarteriole has precapillary sphinters
  • common in mesentery
30
Q

Simple AVA

A
  • between arteriole and venule
  • straight or coiled
  • thick smooth muscle layer
  • Skin, noes, lips, erectile tissues
31
Q

Specialized AVA

A
  • simple AVA with additional structures
  • branches of afferent arteriole that roll into a ball (glomera AVA )
  • additional longitudinal and circular muscular cells (epithelioid AVA)
32
Q

Postcapillary venule

A

t. intima:
- Endothelium on b.m.

t. media:
- pericytes (not smooth muscle!)

t. Adventitia
- loose CT

33
Q

Vein

A

t. intima:
- Endothelium
- subendothelial CT
- smooth muscle cells in large veins
- valves in middle-sized veins

t. media:
- thin/absent: muscle cells, Collagen fibers, elastic fibers

t. Adventitia:
- loose CT (thick) with longitudinally oriented smooth mscules bundles in large veins

34
Q

Lymph vascular system

A
  • vessels drain excess fluid from the tissue
  • begin as blind lymphatic capillaries that take up excess fluid
  • lymph flows from peripheral tissue through collectinc lymphatic vessels
  • lymph is filtered in lmyph nodes
35
Q

Lymphatic capillaries

A
  • Continusou Endothelium (without tight junctions!!), cell borders are overlapping
  • Discontinuous b.m.

Histology Final (18 decks)

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