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Histology Final > Female reproductive system > Flashcards

Female reproductive system Flashcards

1
Q

Main functions of the ovary

A

Production of female gametes

Secretion of female sex hormones

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2
Q

“Layers” of the ovary

A

Capsule (tunical albuginea) –> dense irregular CT and covered by cuboidal Surface

Stroma: loose CT
Parenchyma: Peithelial tissue

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3
Q

Structures in ovarian cortex

A 
Follicles: primordial, Primary, secondary, tertiary
Corpora lutea (remains of the follicle after Ovulation)
Corpora albicantia (degenerated form of corpus luteum)
Atretic follicles (Degeneration of follicles)

look at picture

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4
Q

Ovarian medulla

A

loose CT
Blood vessels
lmyphatic vessels
nerves

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5
Q

Stages of ovogenesis

A

I. Proliferation (mitotic divisions of oogonia)
II. Maturation (Meiosis of oocytes)

  1. Oogonia
  2. Primary oocyte
    (first meiotic division pauses in Prophase by MIF and Ends before Ovulation)
  3. Secondary oocyte and first polar Body
    (second meiotid division stops during Metaphase and Ends during fertilization)
  4. Matured oocyte and second polar body
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6
Q

Development of the ovaries

A

5-7th week: primordial germ cells into genital ridges
from 8th week: genital ridges form ovaries (no SRY)
Germ cells from oogonia

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7
Q

Folliculogenesis

A
  • development of ovarian follicle from primordial to dominant
  • all except preovulatory contain Primary oocytes
  • Duration: several months
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8
Q

Primordial follicles

A
  • next to capsule
  • smallest
  • oocyte is surrounded by layer of follicular cells
  • every month: under influence of FSH: develop into secondary follicles
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9
Q

Primary follicles

A
  • follicular cells become taller and mutliply into several layers –> GRANULAR LAYER
  • ZONA PELLUCIDA between oocyte and follicular cells
  • THECA FOLLICULI surrounding b.m. outside of granular layer
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10
Q

Theca folliculi

A

two layers

  1. theca interna (rounded endocrine cells)
  2. Theca externa (Spindle shaped, merge with stroma)
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11
Q

“two cells-two Hormones”

A

Theca interna cells produce androgens under LH
Androgens diffuse ino granulosa cells
Granulosa cells convert androgens to Estrogens under FSH

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12
Q

Secondary follicle

A
  • small spaces between follicular cells filles with follicular fluids (Antrum- multiple)
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13
Q

Tertiary follicle

A
  • bulges under ovarian Surface
  • one follicular Antrum
  • oocyte situated eccentrally in cumulus oophorus –> forms corona radiata
  • just before Ovulation: Primary oocyte finished first meiotic division
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14
Q

Ovulation

A
  • determined by sudden LH and FSH Peak on 14th day of cycle
  • Mature follicle ruptures
  • secondary oocyte surrounded by zona pellucida and corona radiata
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15
Q

Dominant follicle

A

during female cycle only one follicle matures and ovulates

the others degenerate and turn into atretic follicles

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16
Q

Atretic follicle

A
  • process of follicular atresia may occur at any stage
  • Primary oocyte degenerates
  • remains of the follicle are phygocytoses and replaces by CT
17
Q

Corpus luteum

A
  • following Ovulation
  • follicle collapses and fills with blood clot
  • is a temporary endocrine gland
18
Q

Luteinization

A
  • cell of granulosa and theca interna differentiate into LUTEIN CELLS
  • increase in size, fill with Lipid droplets
19
Q

Types of Lutein cells

A
  1. Granulosa Lutein cells
    - centrally located
    - Lipid droplets, sER, mitochondria
  2. Theca Lutein cells
    - peripherally licated
    - less droplets
20
Q

Hormones coming from corpus luteum

A

under influence of LH: cells synthesize progesterone and Estrogens

Progesterone:
supresses FSH and LH
stimulates secretion of endometrial glands

21
Q

Types of corpus luteum

A
  1. Of Menstruation
    - when oocyte is not fertilized
    - functions for 14 days
    - degenerates and becomes corpus albicans
  2. of pregnancy
    - when oocyte is fertilized
    - trophoblast secretes human chorionic gonadotropin
    - functions for 3 months
    - becomes corpus albicans
22
Q

Luteolysis

A
  • Degradation of curpus luteum
  • due to decreased concentration of FHS and LH
  • cells decrease in size and undergo apoptosis
  • cells are phagocytosed
  • becomes corpus albicans
23
Q

Corpus albicans

A

dense irregular CT

forms temporary or permanent scar

24
Q

Development of female genital tract

A

indifferent stage: wolffian and Müllerian ducts
from 8th week:
Müllerian duct: all female genital ducts

25
Q

Uterine tube wall

A

mucosa:
- simple columnar
>ciliated cells (influenced by Estrogen)
>secretory cells (influenced by progesterone)
- lamina propria

Muscular layer:

  • inner circular
  • outer longitudinal

Serosa

26
Q

Uterine wall

A 
Mucosa/ endometrium
- simple columnar
  >ciliated cells
  >secretory cells
- lamina propria
HAS TUBULAR GLANDS

Muscular layer/ myometrium

  • inner longitudinal
  • middle circular
  • outer longitudinal

Serosa / Perimetrium (posterior) Anterior: adventitia

27
Q

Layers of endometrium

A

Basal layer
Functional layer
a) spongy layer
b) compact layer

functional layer changes during menstrual cycle

28
Q

Phases of the female menstrual cycle

A 
Menstrual Phase(1-5 days)
Proliferative Phase (6-14 days) -_> Estrogen
Secretory Phase (15-28 days) --> progesterone
29
Q

Proliferative Phase in uterus

A

Estrogen–> stroma and epitheloium Regenerates

  • cells of Epithelium produce and store glycogen
  • thickness of mucosa increases
30
Q

Secreotry phase in uterus

A

progesterone –> epithelial cells actively secrete mucus
Glands become spiral
Thickness of mucosa increases

31
Q

Menstrual Phase in uterus

A
  • when corpus luteum degenerates (conc. of Estrogen and progesterone decreases)
  • spasmodic contraction of spiral arteries of functional layer
  • ischemia–> leakage of blood
  • Endometrium is shed as menses
32
Q

Uterine cervix

A
  • mucosa contains branched tubular Glands
  • simple columnar Epithelium
  • Glands secrete mucus
  • Mucosa lacks spiral arteries
  • Portion that Projects into vagina: stratified suqmaous –> TRANSFORMATION ZONE
  • METAPLASIA: Transformation of columnar cells into the stratified suqamous Epithelium
33
Q

Vaginal wall

A

Mucosa:

  • stratified squamous non-keratinized
  • lamina propria

Muscular layer

  • inner circular
  • outer longitudinal

Adventitia

34
Q

Changes in vaginal flora during the cycle

A

Midcycle: Epithelium is thick, Environment is acidic

During menstruations: Environment is alkaline because glycogen Levels decrease

Histology Final (18 decks)

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