Respiratory System Flashcards
What are the Nasal Conchae?
Bones in the nasal cavity lined by mucous membranes and abundant capillaries
List the different nasal conchae
Superior
Middle
Inferior
What are nasal conchae also known as?
Turbinates
Where is the Olfactory Epithelium?
The lining of the superior nasal conchae and adjacent conchae
What type of cells line the nasal cavity?
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
Goblet cells
What is a mucociliary escalator?
Cilia that move dust and mucous secreted by Goblet cells.
What effect does smoking have on Cilia?
It paralyses them
What is the Pharynx?
Throat: Funnel shaped tube starts at internal nares and extends part way down the neck
What is the larynx?
Voice box: Short tube of cartilage lined by mucous membrane that connects the pharynx with the trachea
How does the epiglottis prevent foods and liquids from entering the larynx?
During swallowing, the epiglottis closes over the larynx to block food and liquids from entering
List the functions of the Respiratory System
Supply body with Oxygen Excretory organ (CO2, H2O, Heat, Alcohol, other volatile chemicals) Maintain pH of body fluids
How many lobes in the right lung?
3 - Superior, Inferior and Middle
How many fissures in the right lung?
2 - Oblique and Horizontal
How many lobes in the left lung?
2 - Superior or Inferior
How many fissures in the left lung?
1 - Oblique
Which is bigger, the right or left lung?
Right lung
List the functions of the Pleural Cavity
Reduced friction during breathing
Creates a pressure gradient to assist ventilation
Isolates each lung
List functions of Paranasal sinus
Help lighten the skull
Produce mucous which flows into the nasal cavity
Act as resonating chambers
What 3 regions make up the pharynx?
Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx
What is the function of the Nasopharynx?
Passageway for air
What is the function of the Oropharynx?
Allows the passage of air and food
What is the function of the laryngopharynx?
Transfers air and food
What epithelia line the Laryngopharynx?
Stratified Squamous Epithelium
Basic functions of the nose
Filtering, warming and moistening air
Detecting olfactory stimuli
Modifying the vibrations of speech sounds
What bones make up the nasal septum?
Perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone
Vomer
Cartillage
What is the nasal septum?
Verticle partition splitting the nasal cavity into right and left
What ducts open into the nasal cavity?
Nasolacrimal ducts
What are the names of the paranasal sinus?
Tip: 4 in total
Frontal
Sphenoidal
Maxillary
Ethmoidal
How does the nasal cavity connect to the throat?
Via the internal nares
What is the alternative name for the external nares?
Nostrils
What is the function of the Respiratory Zone?
The site of gas exchange between air and lungs
List the parts of the respiratory system making up the respiratory zone
(Tip: 4 parts)
Respiratory Bronchioles
Alveolar ducts
Alveolar sacs
Alveoli
List the parts of the conducting zone
Tip: 8 parts
Nose Nasal cavity Pharynx Larynx Trachea Bronchi Bronchioles Terminal Bronchioles
What is the function of the conducting zone?
Filter, Warm and moisten air and conduct it into the lungs
What parts form the upper respiratory tract?
Nose
Nasal cavity
Pharynx
Larynx
What parts form the lower respiratory tract?
Trachea
Bronchi
Lungs
Bronchioles are notable for the absence of what?
Cartilage
