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Anatomy & Physiology > Integumentary System > Flashcards

Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

List the functions of the integumentary system

A 
Protection
Excretion
Prevention of tissue dehydration (dessication)
Support and Shape
Regulation of Body Temperature
Energy Reserves
Sensation
Vitamin D synthesis
Absorption
Body Odour
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2
Q

List the layers of the Epidermis from inner to outer

A 
Stratum Basale
Stratum Spinosum
Stratum Granulosum
Stratum Lucidum
Stratum Corneum
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3
Q

What type of tissue is the epidermis made of

A

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

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4
Q

Why is the epidermis referred to Avascular

A

It does not have direct blood supply. The Basal layer receives nourishment for the Dermal layer which has a rich blood supply

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5
Q

What are the majority of the cells in the epidermis

A

Keratinocytes

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6
Q

What type of cells can be found in the stratum basale

A

Stem Cells
Melanocytes
Simple cuboidal keratinocytes

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7
Q

What cell division takes place in the Stratum Basale

A

Mitosis

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8
Q

What promotes mitosis in the Stratum Basale

A

A peptide - Epidermal Growth factor

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9
Q

How else is the stratum basale referred to?

A

Basal Layer

Stratum Germinativum

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10
Q

How many layers of cells are in the stratum spinosum

A

8-10

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11
Q

Why is the Stratum spinosum sometimes referred to as the Horny layer?

A

Cells within it have a prickly shape

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12
Q

What are merkel discs and where are they located?

A

Tactile nerve endings sometimes found in Stratum Spinosum

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13
Q

What do merkel discs respond to?

A

Touch

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14
Q

Which layer gives skin it’s strength and flexibility?

A

Stratum Spinosum

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15
Q

In which two layers of the skin are melanocytes located?

A

Stratum Basale & Spinosum

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16
Q

What give the Stratum Granulosum it’s granular appearance?

A

Lamellar Granules

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17
Q

What function do the Lamellar Granules have?

A

They are secretory organelles

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18
Q

What substance do the cells of the Stratum Granulosum produce?

A

Keratohyalin

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19
Q

What is the precursor to keratin and where is it produced in the epidermis?

A

Keratohyalin produced in the Stratum Granulosum

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20
Q

What happens to the shape of cells in the Stratum Granulosum?

A

They become flatter

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21
Q

How many layers are there in the Stratum Lucidum?

A

3-5 Layers

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22
Q

What is the substance that is found in the Stratum Lucidum that gives it a translucent appearance?

A

Eleidin - substance in between keratohyalin and keratin

23
Q

Which parts of the body is stratum lucidum present?

A

Soles of feet and palms of the hands

24
Q

How many layers of cells are present in the Stratum Corneum?

A

25-30 layers

25
Q

Are the cells in the stratum corneum dead or alive?

A

Dead

26
Q

What is desquamation?

A

The process of shedding of the dead cells of the stratum corneum

27
Q

What type of tissue makes up the Dermis layer of the skin?

A

Connective Tissue

28
Q

What are the two layers of the dermis?

A 
Papillary Layer (upper layer)
Reticular Layer (lower layer)
29
Q

What is the deepest layer of the integumentary system?

A

Subcutaneous layer or Hyperdermis

30
Q

What structures make up the integumentary system?

A 
Skin
Hair
Sweat Glands
Nails
Sensory Receptors accessory structures)
31
Q

How does integumentary system provide physical protection?

A 
Keratin - Heat, chemicals, abrasion
Keratinocytes - microbes
Lipids - inhibit evaporation
Perspiration - acidic pH retards growth
Sebum - bacteriacidal chemicals
Melanin - UV damage
32
Q

What are the two types of sweat glands found in the skin

A

Apocrine & Eccrine

33
Q

What is the difference between Apocrine and Eccrine sweat glands

A

Apocrine glands are not active until puberty and secrete a viscous sweat directly into the hair follicle. Eccrine glands produce watery sweat that tends to be excreted directly onto the skin

34
Q

What are the properties of collagen fibres?

A

Strength and extensibility (stretch)

35
Q

What are the properties of elastic fibres?

A

Elasticity (recoil)

36
Q

What are Striae more commonly known as?

A

Stretch Marks

37
Q

What fibres, when combined with water give the dermis tensile strength?

A

Collagen Fibres

38
Q

What structures in the dermis, give rise to fingerprints?

A

Dermal Papillae

39
Q

What important structures do the dermal papillae contain?

A

Capillaries and pain and touch receptors

40
Q

What are meissners corpuscles and where are they located?

A

light touch receptors found in the papillary layer of the dermis

41
Q

What are pacinian corpuscles and where are they located?

A

Deep pressure receptors found in the reticular layer of the dermis

42
Q

Secretions from which gland are affected by bacterial sometimes causing body odour?

A

Apocrine glands

43
Q

Where in the dermis are phagocytes located?

A

Reticular layer

44
Q

What cell types are contained in the dermis?

A

Mast Cells
Fibroblasts
Macrophages

45
Q

What function does adipose tissue provide?

A

Insulation

Protection of some vital organs such as kidneys

46
Q

Where on the body would you not expect to find sebaceous glands?

A

On the palms of hands or soles of feet.

47
Q

By what other name are the eccrine glands known as?

A

Sudoriferous glands

48
Q

Where on the body are the highest concentrations of the Apocrine sweat glands?

A

Axillary and genital areas

49
Q

Where are sebaceous gland ducts commonly located?

A

Hair follicles

50
Q

List the functions of Sebum.

A

Lubricant
keep skin and hair soft
Kill bacteria
Become active in presence of male sex hormones

51
Q

Why are sudoriferous glands supplied with nerve endings?

A

To monitor body temperature and external temperature and when either are too high they can detect this triggering the production of sweat to aid in cooling the skin.

52
Q

Are the glands located in the skin endocrine or exocrine glands?

A

Exocrine - they release secretions to the skin via ducts

53
Q

Sympathetic Nervous system stimulates which muscle found in the dermis and linked to the hair follicle?

A

Arrector Pili muscle

Anatomy & Physiology (24 decks)

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