Lower GI Tract Flashcards
Name the parts of the Lower GI Tract
Caecum Appendix Colon Rectum Anal Canal Anus
List functions of Large Intestine (ACE)
Absorption (H2O & Vitamins)
Compaction of faeces
Expulsion of Faeces
(ACE)
Name given to longitudinal bands of smooth muscle in large intestine
Teniae coli
Name given to series of pouches which give colon a segmented appearance
Haustra
Name given to small pouches of fat that are attached to teniae coli
Epiploic appendages
What is the name of the first part of the large intestine?
Caecum
Where is the Caecum located?
Right iliac fossa
The ileum opens into the large intestine at the _____________ junction
ileocaecal junction
What is the name of the valve guarding the ileocaecal junction?
ileocaecal valve
What type of tissue is found in the wall of the appendix?
Lymphoid tissue
Which aspect of the caecum does the appendix arise?
Posteromedial
Name the four parts of the colon
Ascending
Transverse
Descending
Sigmoid
The ascending colon is retroperitoneal? True or false
True
What is the hepatic flexture?
The point at which the ascending colon bends before it becomes the transvers colon
What attaches the transverse colon to the abdominal wall?
Transverse mesocolon
What is the splenic flexure?
The point where the transverse colon ends
The descending colon is fixed to the posterior abdominal wall which is described as being?
Retroperitoneal
How is the sigmoid colon attached to the posterior abdominal wall?
By the sigmoid mesocolon
What is the function of the rectum
Temporary storage of faeces
Is the internal anal sphincter under voluntary or involuntary control?
Involuntary
Is the external sphincter under voluntary or involuntary control?
Voluntary
What is the function of goblet cells in large intestine?
Mucous to lubricate faeces
What vitamins are synthesized in the large intestine and reabsorbed by the body?
B & K
What is the composition of faecal matter?
75% water
5% bacteria
20% undigested matter and epithelial cells
What is the name given to the mechanism of mixing chyme in the large intestine?
Haustral churning
What is triggered by the distended haustra?
Smooth muscle contraction
What are Mass Movements?
Powerful peristaltic contractions that push bolus into rectum.
How are Mass movements in the large intestine stimulated?
Distension of stomach and duodenum
What is the defecation reflex?
Faeces move towards anus, Internal anal sphincter relaxes and faeces move into anorectal canal. External anal sphincter contracts
