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Anatomy & Physiology > Lower GI Tract > Flashcards

Lower GI Tract Flashcards

1
Q

Name the parts of the Lower GI Tract

A 
Caecum
Appendix
Colon
Rectum
Anal Canal
Anus
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2
Q

List functions of Large Intestine (ACE)

A

Absorption (H2O & Vitamins)
Compaction of faeces
Expulsion of Faeces
(ACE)

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3
Q

Name given to longitudinal bands of smooth muscle in large intestine

A

Teniae coli

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4
Q

Name given to series of pouches which give colon a segmented appearance

A

Haustra

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5
Q

Name given to small pouches of fat that are attached to teniae coli

A

Epiploic appendages

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6
Q

What is the name of the first part of the large intestine?

A

Caecum

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7
Q

Where is the Caecum located?

A

Right iliac fossa

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8
Q

The ileum opens into the large intestine at the _____________ junction

A

ileocaecal junction

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9
Q

What is the name of the valve guarding the ileocaecal junction?

A

ileocaecal valve

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10
Q

What type of tissue is found in the wall of the appendix?

A

Lymphoid tissue

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11
Q

Which aspect of the caecum does the appendix arise?

A

Posteromedial

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12
Q

Name the four parts of the colon

A

Ascending
Transverse
Descending
Sigmoid

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13
Q

The ascending colon is retroperitoneal? True or false

A

True

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14
Q

What is the hepatic flexture?

A

The point at which the ascending colon bends before it becomes the transvers colon

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15
Q

What attaches the transverse colon to the abdominal wall?

A

Transverse mesocolon

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16
Q

What is the splenic flexure?

A

The point where the transverse colon ends

17
Q

The descending colon is fixed to the posterior abdominal wall which is described as being?

A

Retroperitoneal

18
Q

How is the sigmoid colon attached to the posterior abdominal wall?

A

By the sigmoid mesocolon

19
Q

What is the function of the rectum

A

Temporary storage of faeces

20
Q

Is the internal anal sphincter under voluntary or involuntary control?

A

Involuntary

21
Q

Is the external sphincter under voluntary or involuntary control?

A

Voluntary

22
Q

What is the function of goblet cells in large intestine?

A

Mucous to lubricate faeces

23
Q

What vitamins are synthesized in the large intestine and reabsorbed by the body?

A

B & K

24
Q

What is the composition of faecal matter?

A

75% water
5% bacteria
20% undigested matter and epithelial cells

25
Q

What is the name given to the mechanism of mixing chyme in the large intestine?

A

Haustral churning

26
Q

What is triggered by the distended haustra?

A

Smooth muscle contraction

27
Q

What are Mass Movements?

A

Powerful peristaltic contractions that push bolus into rectum.

28
Q

How are Mass movements in the large intestine stimulated?

A

Distension of stomach and duodenum

29
Q

What is the defecation reflex?

A

Faeces move towards anus, Internal anal sphincter relaxes and faeces move into anorectal canal. External anal sphincter contracts

Anatomy & Physiology (24 decks)

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