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Medical Terminology > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Respiratory System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Alveol/o

A

Alveolus, air sac - singular

Alveoli- plural

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2
Q

Bronch/o

Bronchi/o

A

Bronchial tube, bronchus

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3
Q

Bronchiol/o

A

Bronchiole, small bronchus

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4
Q

Capn/o

A

Carbon dioxide

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5
Q

Coni/o

A

Dust

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6
Q

Cyan/o

A

Blue

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7
Q

Epiglott/o

A

Epiglottis-lid like piece of cartilage that covers the larynx, preventing food from entering the larynx and trachea during swallowing

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8
Q

Laryng/o

A

Larynx, voice box

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9
Q

Lob/o

A

Lobe -division of the lung

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10
Q

Mediastin/o

A

Mediastinum- region between the lungs in the chest cavity. It contains the trachea, heart, lymph nodes, aorta, esophagus, and bronchial tubes.

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11
Q

Nas/o

A

Nose

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12
Q

Ortho/o

A

Straight, upright

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13
Q

Ox/o

A

Oxygen

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14
Q

Pector/o

A

Chest

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15
Q

Pharyng/o

A

Pharynx, throat

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16
Q

Phon/o

A

Voice

Ex: dysphonia is hoarseness or other voice impairment.

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17
Q

Phren/o

A

Diaphragm-muscle separating the chest and abdomen. It contracts to pull air into the lungs and relaxes to push air out.

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18
Q

Pleur/o

A

Pleura- double layered membrane surrounding each lung.

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19
Q

Pleural effusion

A

An effusion is the escape of fluid from blood vessels of lymphatics into a cavity or tissue space.

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20
Q

Pleurodynia

A

The intercostal muscles or pleura are inflamed, causing pain during breathing.

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21
Q

Ex/pector/ation

A

Clearing of secretions from the airway by coughing or spitting. This sputum not can contain mucus, blood, cellular debris, pus, and microorganisms.

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22
Q

Hypoxia

A

Tissues have a decreased amount of oxygen and cyanosis can result.

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23
Q

Orthopnea

A

An abnormal condition in which breathing is easier in an upright position. A major cause of Orthopnea is congestive heart failure ( lungs fill with fluid when the patient is lying flat)

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24
Q

Mediastinoscopy

A

An endoscope is inserted through an incision in the chest.

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25
Q

Name the 3 division of the pharynx

A

Nasopharynx ( contains pharyngeal tonsils or adenoid)

Oropharynx (contain palatine tonsils) palatine means pertaining to the roof of the mouth.

Laryngopharynx- common passageway for food and air.

26
Q

Name two layers of the pleura?

A

Parietal pleura- outer layer

Visceral pleura-inner layer

27
Q

Serous

A

Thin watery fluid secretion moistens the pleura and facilitates movements of lungs and chest.

28
Q

Pneum/o

Pneumon/o

A

Lung;air:gas

29
Q

-pnea

A

Breathing

30
Q

Which lung is larger?

A

Right lung has 3 lobes

Left lung only has 2 lobes to allow room for the heart

31
Q

Adenoid/o

A

Adenoids- lymphatic tissue in the nasopharynx: pharyngeal tonsils

32
Q

Pneumothorax

A

Air gathers in the pleural cavity causing the lung to collapse. The lung cannot fill with air, breathing is difficult, the body gets less oxygen.

33
Q

Pulmon/o

A

Lung

34
Q

Rhin/o

A

Nose

35
Q

Sinus/o

A

Sinus, cavity

36
Q

Spir/o

A

Breathing

Ex: expiration = exhaling ( s is dropped when preceded by an x)
Inspiration = inhaling

37
Q

Cheyne-Stokes respirations

A

Are marked by rhythmic changes in the depth of breathing ( rapid breathing then absence of breathing) the pattern occurs every 45 seconds to 3 minutes. The cause may be heart failure or brain damage.

38
Q

Atelectasis

A / tel/o -ectasis

A

A=No, not
Tel/o= complete
-ectasis = dilation; widening

Collapsed lung. Two forms:

1) obstruction prevents air from reaching distal airways and the alveoli collapse.
2) accumulation of fluid, blood or air in the pleural cavity collapse the lung.

39
Q

Tel/o

A

Complete

40
Q

Thorac/o

A

Chest

41
Q

Tonsill/o

A

Tonsils

42
Q

Trache/o

A

Trachea; windpipe

Example: tracheal stenosis, narrowing of the airway due to injury

43
Q

-ema

A

Condition

44
Q

Empyema

A

Collection of pus in the pleural cavity or pyothorax

45
Q

-osmia

A

Smell

Ex: anosmia= can’t smell

46
Q

-ptysis

A

Spitting

47
Q

-sphyxia

A

Pulse

Ex: asphyxia literally means lack of pulse. Severe hypoxia leading to hypoxemia, hypercapnia, loss of consciousness and death

48
Q

Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea common with CHF patients.

A

Air hunger when the recline in bed the experience dyspnea or shortness of breath.

49
Q

-thorax

A

Pleural cavity, chest

50
Q

Auscultation

A

Listening to sounds within the body performed using a stethoscope

51
Q

Percussion

A

Tapping on the surface to determine density of the underlying structure.

52
Q

Pleural rub or friction rub

A

Scratchy sound produced by pleural surfaces rubbing against each other.

53
Q

Rales ( crackles)

A

Fine crackling sounds heard on auscultation ( during inhalation) when there is fluid in the alveoli

54
Q

Rhonchus ( singular) rhonchi (plural)

A

Loud rumbling sounds heard on auscultation of bronchi obstructed by sputum.

55
Q

Stridor

A

Strained, high-pitched sound heard on inspiration caused by obstruction in the pharynx or larynx

56
Q

Sputum

A

Material expelled from bronchi, lungs, or upper respiratory tract by spitting.

57
Q

Croup

A

Acute viral infection in infants and children with obstruction of the larynx, accompanied by barking cough and stridor.

58
Q

Diphtheria

A

Acute infection of the throat and upper respiratory tract caused by diphtheria bacterium.

59
Q

Epistaxis

A

Nosebleed

60
Q

Pertussis

A

Whooping cough: highly contagious bacterial infection of pharynx, larynx and trachea caused by bacterium Bordetella Pertussis

Medical Terminology (10 decks)

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