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Medical Terminology > Blood, Lymhatic & Immune Systems > Flashcards

Blood, Lymhatic & Immune Systems Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Chrom/o

A

Color

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2
Q

Coagul/o

A

Clotting

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3
Q

Cyt/o

A

Cell

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4
Q

Bas/o

A

Base ( alkaline, the opposite of acid)

Ex: basophil (-phil means attraction to), Basophil is a white blood cell containing granules that stain blue; associated with the release of histamine and heparin)

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5
Q

Eosin/o

A

Red, dawn , rosy

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6
Q

Erythr/o

A

Red

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7
Q

Granul/o

A

Granules

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8
Q

Hem/o

Hemat/o

A

Blood

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9
Q

Hemoglobin/o

A

Heme - iron
Globin - protein

Hemoglobin a blood protein contains iron; carries oxygen in red blood cells

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10
Q

Globulin

A

Plasma protein; alpha, beta, and gamma (immune) globulins are examples

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11
Q

Is/o

A

Same, equal

Ex: anisocytosis= RBC abnormality unequal cell size

An= no, not, without
Is= equal
Cyt/o= cell
-osis= abnormal condition
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12
Q

Kary/o

A

Nucleus

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13
Q

Leuk/o

A

White

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14
Q

Mon/o

A

One; single

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15
Q

Morph/o

A

Shape; form

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16
Q

Myel/o

A

Bone marrow

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17
Q

Neutr/o

A

Neutral neither base nor acid

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18
Q

Nucle/o

A

Nucleus

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19
Q

Phag/o

A

Eat, swallow

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20
Q

Poikil/o

A

Varied; irregular

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21
Q

Sider/o

A

Iron

Ex: sideropenia
Deficiency in iron

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22
Q

Spher/o

A

Globe; round

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23
Q

Thromb/o

A

Clot

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24
Q

-apheresis

A

Removal; carrying away

Ex: plasmapheresis
A centrifuge spins blood to remove plasma from other parts of the blood

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25
Q

-blast

A

Immature cell; embryonic

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26
Q

-phoresis

A

Transmission

Ex: electrophoresis the transmission of electricity to separate substances.

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27
Q

-cytosis

A

Abnormal condition of cells ( increase in cells)

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28
Q

-emia

A

Blood condition

29
Q

-gen

A

Giving rise to;

Producing

30
Q

-globulin

A

Protein

31
Q

-lytic

A

Pertaining to destruction

32
Q

-oid

A

Derived or originating from

33
Q

-osis

A

Abnormal condition

34
Q

-penia

A

Deficiency

35
Q

-phage

A

Eat; swallow

36
Q

-philia

A

Attraction for ( increase in cell numbers)

37
Q

-phoresis

A

Carrying; transmission

38
Q

-poiesis

A

Formation

39
Q

-stasis

A

Stop; control

40
Q

Anisocytosis

A

Cells are unequal in size

41
Q

Hypochromia

A

Cells have reduced color ( less hemoglobin)

42
Q

Macrocytosis

A

Cells are large

43
Q

Microcytosis

A

Cells are small

44
Q

Poikilocytosis

A

Cells are irregularly shaped

45
Q

Spherocytosis

A

Cells are rounded shape

46
Q

Pan

A

All

47
Q

CSF

A

Colony-stimulating factor. Protein that stimulates growth of white blood cells ( granulocytes)

48
Q

Differentiation

A

Change is structure and function of a cell as it matures; specialization

49
Q

Name three types of polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocytes also known as “ploys” or Granulocytes?

A

Eosinophil, basophil, neutrophil

50
Q

Name two mononuclear agranulocytes

A

Monocytes, lymphocytes

51
Q

Which PMN granules dye blue with base (alkaline) dye?

A

Basophil

52
Q

Which PMN granules increase allergic response and engulf substances that trigger the allergies?

A

Eosinophil

53
Q

Name the hormone secreted by the kidneys that stimulate red blood cell formation in the bone marrow?

A

Erythropoietin (EPO)

54
Q

Fibrin

A

Protein that forms the basis to a blood clot.

55
Q

Fibrinogen

A

Plasma protein that is converted to fibrin in the clotting process.

56
Q

Hematopoietic stem cell

A

Cell in bone marrow that gives rise to all blood types. Nonspecialized

57
Q

Heparin

A

Anticoagulant found in blood and tissue cells

58
Q

Hemolysis

A

Destruction or breakdown of red blood cells

59
Q

Immune reaction

A

Response of the immune system to foreign invasion (antigens)

60
Q

Megakaryocyte

A

Large platelet precursor cell found in bone marrow. It’s the stage of the cell before it breaks into pieces to form platelets.

61
Q

Reticulocyte

A

Immature erythrocyte. A network of strands ( reticulin) is seen after staining the cell with special dyes.

62
Q

Serum vs plasma

A

Serum- plasma minus clotting proteins and cells. Clear, yellowish fluid that separates from blood when it is allowed to clot. It is formed from plasma, but does not contain protein-coagulation factors

Plasma- liquid portion of blood; contains water, proteins, salts, nutrients, lipids, hormones, and vitamins.

63
Q

Blood Dyscrasia

A

Any abnormal or pathologic condition of the blood

64
Q

Albumin

A

Protein in the blood that maintains the proper amount of water in the blood

65
Q

Name four types of plasma proteins

A

Albumin, globulins, fibrinogen, prothrombin (last two involved in clotting)

66
Q

Lymph

A

Clear, watery fluid that surrounds body cells. It flows through thin walled lymph vessels throughout the whole body. The fluid moves along by muscle movement and valves NOT a pump like blood. It only contains WBC lymphocytes and monocytes. Unlike plasma it contains less protein.

67
Q

Interstitial fluid

A

Fluid that surrounds body cells. Once it passes into the lymph capillaries it’s called lymph.

68
Q

Lymphatic systems functions

A

1) drainage system to transport needed proteins and fluid that have leaked out of the blood capillaries ( into the interstitial fluid$ back to the bloodstream via veins.
2) lymphatic vessels in the small intestines absorb lipids ( fats) back into the bloodstream
3) immune system defense against foreign bodies

Medical Terminology (10 decks)

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