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Medical Terminology > Chpt 10 Nervous System > Flashcards

Chpt 10 Nervous System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Caus/o

A

Burning

Ex: causalgia -intense burning pain flowing injury to a sensory nerve

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2
Q

Comat/o

A

Deep sleep (coma)ex: comatose

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3
Q

Esthesi/o

-esthesia

A

Feeling, nervous sensation.

Ex: anesthesia - lack of normal sensation absence of sense of touch or pain

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4
Q 
Kines/o
Kinesi/o
-kinesia 
-kinesis 
-kinetic
A

Movement

Ex: bradykinesia

Hyperkinesis

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5
Q

-algia

A

Pain

Ex: trigeminal neuralgia involves flashes of pain radiating along the cours of the trigeminal nerve (5th cranial nerve)

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6
Q

Brady-

A

Slow

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7
Q

Brachy-

A

Short

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8
Q

Brachi/o

A

Arm

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9
Q

-lepsy

A

Seizure

Ex: epilepsy
Narcolepsy

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10
Q

Narc/o

A

Stupor, sleep

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11
Q

Lex/o

A

Word, phrase

Ex: dyslexia, development reading disorder occurring when the brain does not properly recognize, process and interpret language

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12
Q

-paresis

A

Weakness

Ex: hemiparesis affects either right or left side (half) of the body.

Paresis also used by itself to mean partial paralysis or weakness of muscles.

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13
Q

-phasia

A

Speech

Aphasia difficulty with speech. Also if a patient knows what he wants to say but cannot pronounce it.

Sensory aphasia has difficulty understanding language but may articulate words easily but use them inappropriately

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14
Q

Myel/o

A

Spinal cord (means bone marrow in other context)

Ex: myelopathy

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15
Q

Poliomyelitis

A

Polio- means grey matter. This viral disease affects the grey matter of the spinal cord. Leading to paralysis of muscles

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16
Q

Neur/o

A

Nerve

Ex: polyneuritis multiple nerves inflamed

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17
Q

Pont/o

A

Pons, “bridge” in the brain stem between midbrain and medulla oblongata. Connection of nerves to the eyes and face.

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18
Q

Radicul/o

A

Nerve root ( of spinal nerves)

Radiculopathy disease of the nerve root. Ex: sciatica is a radiculopathy affecting the sciatic nerve root.

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19
Q

Thalam/o

A

Thalamus. The relay station “triage center” for sensory impulses; control awareness and consciousness

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20
Q

Thec/o

A

Sheath ( refers to meninges)

Ex: intrathecal injection

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21
Q

Vag/o

A

Vagus nerve, 10th cranial nerve that branches to and from the head, neck, chest and abdomen

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22
Q

Cerebrum

A

Largest part of brain. Function thinking, personality, sensations, movements, memory. Four lobes: frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital

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23
Q

Gyri

A

Folds in the cerebrum

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24
Q

Sulci

A

Grooves in the cerebrum

25
Q

CSF

A

Cerebrospinal fluid. Formed within the ventricles and circulates between membranes around the brain and within the spinal cord down the central canal.

26
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Functions: body temp, sleep, appetite, emotions, sexual desires, control of pituitary gland

27
Q

Cerebellum

A

Controls coordination of voluntary movements and balance

28
Q

Medulla oblongata

A

Lowest part of The brain this is where nerve fibers cross over so the left side of the brain controls the right side of the body. Contains centers to regulate heart, blood vessels and respiratory system

29
Q

Cauda equina

A

Latin for horse’s tail a fan of nerve fibers below the end of the spinal cord

30
Q

White matter

A

Containing the nerve fiber tracts with myelin sheaths conducting impulses to and from the brain.

31
Q

Grey matter

A

Containing cell bodies and dendrites no myelin

32
Q

Afferent nerve

A

Carries impulses to (at) the brain

33
Q

Efferent nerves

A

Carry impulses away (exit) the brain

34
Q

Hydrocephalus

A

Abnormal accumulation of fluid (CSF) in the brain. To relieve pressure on the brain a catheter (ventriculperitoneal shunt) can be placed from the ventricle of the brain into the peritoneal space or right atrium of the heart so CSF can drain

35
Q

Spina bifida

A

Congenital defects in the lumbar spinal column caused by imperfect union of vertebral parts ( neural tube defect)

36
Q

Meningocele

A

Type of spina bifida where the meninges protrude out

37
Q

Myelomeningocele or meningomyelocele

Myel/o mening/o cele

A

A type of spina bifida where both the spinal cord and the meninges protrude out

38
Q

Alzheimer’s disease

A

Brain disorder marked by gradual and progressive entail deterioration (dementia), personality changes, and impairment of daily functioning. Deposits of amyloid (a protein) occur in neurofibrillary tangles, senile plaques and blood vessels.

39
Q

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

A

ALS or Lou Gehrig disease. Degenerative disorder of motor neurons in the spinal cord and brainstem. Weakness, muscle atrophy, difficulty talking or swallowing, dyspnea.

40
Q

Epilepsy

A

Chronic brain disorder characterized by recurrent seizure activity. Onset of an aura (a peculiar sensation) then tonic-clonic seizures ( grand mal or ictal events) characterized by sudden loss of consciousness, falling down and tonic contractions ( stiffening of muscles) followed by clonic contractions (twitching).

41
Q

Aura

A

Peculiar sensation experienced by the affected person before onset of a seizure

42
Q

Absence seizures

A

A momentary clouding of consciousness and loss of awareness. A petit mal seizure

43
Q

Huntington (Chorea) disease

A

Hereditary disorder marked by degeneration changes in the cerebrum leading to abrupt involuntary movements and mental deterioration. Genetic defect on chromosome 4

44
Q

Multiple sclerosis (MS)

A

Destruction of the myelin sheath on neurons in the CNS and its replacement by plaques of sclerotic (hard) tissue.

45
Q

Demyelination

A

Loss of myelin insulation on axon of the nerve

46
Q

Myasthenia gravida

A

Autoimmune neuromuscular disorder characterized by weakness of voluntary muscles. Antibodies block the ability of acetylcholine ( neurotransmitter) to transmit the nervous impulse from nerve to muscle. Treatment thymectomy removal of the thymus gland

47
Q

Diplopia

A

Double vision

48
Q

Palsy

A

Paralysis ( partial or complete loss of motor function).

49
Q

Cerebral palsy

A

Partial paralysis and lack of muscular coordination caused by loss of oxygen (hypoxia) or blood flow to the cerebrum during pregnancy or perinatal period

50
Q

Bell palsy

A

Paralysis on one side of the face likely caused by a viral infection cause nerve swelling.

51
Q

Parkinson’s disease

A

Degeneration of neurons in basal ganglia occurring layer in life and leading to tremors, weakness of muscles, slowness of movement.

52
Q

Tourette syndrome

A

Involuntary spasmodic twitching movements; uncontrollable vocal sounds; and inappropriate words called tics. Associated with excess dopamine or a hypersensitivity to dopamine

53
Q

Gliomas

A

Brain tumors in the glial cells. Types are astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma, ependymoma

54
Q

Cerebrovascular accident (CVA)

A

Disruption in the normal blood supply to the brain; stroke.

Thrombotic - blood clot in the arteries leading to the brain resulting in occlusion (blocking) of the vessel.

55
Q

Transient ischemic attacks (TIA)

A

Short episodes of neurological dysfunction

56
Q

Embolic an embolus

A

A dislodged thrombus travels to cerebral arteries and occupies a small vessel. A sudden stroke.

57
Q

Hemorrhagic

A

A blood vessel breaks and bleeding occurs.

58
Q

Aneurysm

A

Weakened area in the vessel wall that balloons and may eventually burst

59
Q

Migraine

A

Severe, recurring, unilateral, vascular headache

Medical Terminology (10 decks)

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