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Medical Terminology > Chpt 8 Reproduction > Flashcards

Chpt 8 Reproduction Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Sperm

A

Male sexual reproductive cell

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2
Q

The name for sex cells that’s nucleus only contains 23 chromosome RODS.

A

Gamete

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3
Q

Ovum

A

Female sexual reproduction cell. Plural is ova.

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4
Q

The name of the male gonads?

A

Testes

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5
Q

The name of female gonads (special organs that are part of reproduction)?

A

Ovaries

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6
Q

Coitus

A

Copulation or sexual intercourse

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7
Q

Zygote

A

Fertilized ovum

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8
Q

Zygote after 2-8 weeks is called?

A

Embryo

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9
Q

A zygote after 8-38 weeks is called?

A

Fetus

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10
Q

Period of development within the uterus is called what other than pregnancy?

A

Gestation

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11
Q

Menarche

A

The first onset of menses cycle.

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12
Q

The study of female reproductive systems ( organs, hormones, disease)

A

Gynecology

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13
Q

Obstetrics

A

Obstetrix means midwife. A speciality concerned with pregnancy and the delivery of the fetus

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14
Q

Neonatology

A

The study of the care and treatment of the newborn

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15
Q

Another word for swallowing?

A

Deglutition

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16
Q

The main substance of a tooth below the enamel. It’s yellow and composed of bony tissue that is softer than enamel.

A

Dentin

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17
Q

Epiglottis

A

Flap that closes over the larynx and trachea. This keeps out the bolus of food passing down the pharynx.

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18
Q

Sailva

A

Saliva

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19
Q

Name 3 salivary glands that produce digestive enzymes.

A 
Parotid gland ( by ear)
Submandibular gland (back and lowest gland by jawbone)
Sublingual gland ( under tongue)
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20
Q

-malacia

A

Softening

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21
Q

Vertical plane dividing the body front/back or anterior/posterior. Common in chest x-rays.

A

Frontal or coronal plane

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22
Q

Lengthwise vertical plane dividing body or structure into left and right sides. The midsagittal plane divides the body into right and left halves.

A

Sagittal or lateral plane

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23
Q

Horizontal (cross-sectional) plane running parallel to the ground. This cross-sectional plane divides the body to upper and lower portions. A CT scan is an x-Ray taken this way.

A

Transverse or axial plane

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24
Q

Midway between the uterus and the rectum is a region in the abdominal cavity called?

A

Cul-de-sac

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25
Q

Bartholin glands

A

Two small rounded glands on either side of the vaginal orifice.

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26
Q

Perineum

A

Region between the vaginal orifice and the anus

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27
Q

Cilia

A

Fine hairs the line the interior of the Fallopian tube to move the ovum (egg)

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28
Q

Corpus luteum

A

Means yellow body. A ruptured ovarian follicle fills up with a yellow, fat like substance. It secretes hormones estrogen and progesterone.

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29
Q

Fundus

A

Rounded upper portion of the uterus

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30
Q

End/o/metri/um

Endometrium

A

End/o =in; within
Metr/i = uterus; womb
-um = structure; tissue

Inner layer of specialized epithelial mucosa of the uterus

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31
Q

My/ o/ metri/ um

Myometrium

A 
My/o = muscle 
Metr/i = uterus; womb
-um = structure; tissue

Middle muscular layer of the uterine wall

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32
Q

Uterine serosa

A

Outer, membranous tissue layer. A lining that produces a watery, serum-like secretion.

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33
Q

Serosa

A

Outermost layer of an organ in the abdomen or thorax

Uterine Serosa outermost layer surrounding the uterus

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34
Q

Parturition

A

Giving birth

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35
Q

14th day of the menstrual cycle the ovarian follicle ruptures releasing the ovum from the ovary. What is this called?

A

Ovulation period

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36
Q

Day 1-5 of the menstrual cycle when a female discharges bloody fluid containing endometrial cells, glandular secretions, and blood cells. What is stage called?

A

Menstrual period

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37
Q

PMS premenstrual syndrome

A

Fertilization did NOT occur. The corpus luteum stops producing progesterone. Lower hormones can make some women feel depressed, have breast tenderness and irritability.

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38
Q

Placenta

A

A vascular organ formed from the mother’s endometrium and the outermost membrane that surrounds the embryo called CHORION. The placenta attaches to the uterine wall.

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39
Q

Amnion

A

Innermost embryonic membrane that fills with amniotic fluid to suspend fetus.

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40
Q

hCG

human chorionic gonadotropin

A

Placenta produces its own hormone. Pregnancy tests detect this hormone to determine if a woman is pregnant.

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41
Q

Oviduct is another name for what?

A

Fallopian tube

Which was named after Italian anatomist Gabriello Fallopia

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42
Q

-tropin

A

Stimulating

Example: human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) a hormone produced by the placenta to sustain pregnancy by stimulating the ovaries to produce estrogen and progesterone

43
Q

Papilla

A

Any small nipple-shaped projection

Example mammary papilla is the breast nipple

44
Q

Oocytes

A

Immature egg cells.

Then they become ova (plural) or ovum Once fully matured they are gamete

45
Q

Bartholin/o

A

Bartholin gland or duct orifices

2 small exocrine glands that secrete mucus to lubricate vagina.

Named for Danish anatomist Caspar bartholin

46
Q

Bartholinitis

A

A Bartholin cyst is a fluid filled sac caused by blockage of a duct from the bartholin gland

47
Q

Perineorrhaphy

A

Suture up perineum, the tissue between the anus and vagina.

Perine/o = perineum
-rrhaphy = suture
48
Q

BSO or bilateral salpingooophorectomy

A 
Salping/o = Fallopian tube
Oophor/o = ovary
-ectomy = removal
49
Q

Men/o

A

Menses, menstruation

50
Q

Metr/o

Metri/o

A

Uterus

51
Q

Myom/o

A

Muscle tumor

52
Q

Nati/o

A

Birth

53
Q

Obstetr/o

A

Pregnancy

Childbirth

54
Q

O/o

Ov/o

A

Egg

Example: oogenesis producing or forming an egg

Oocyte not a mature egg/ ovum

55
Q

Oophor/o

A

Ovary

Phoro/o = to bear
O/o = egg
56
Q

Ovari/o

A

Ovary

57
Q

Ovul/o

A

Egg

58
Q

Perine/o

A

Perineum

59
Q

Phor/o

A

To bear ( Like to bear fruit)

60
Q

Salping/o

A

Fallopian tubes

61
Q

Vagin/o

A

Vagina, the canal to the uterus

Vaginal orfice, orfice is opening

62
Q

Vulv/o

A

Vulva refers to the grouping of female reproductive genitalia (clitoris, vaginal orifice , labia, hymen)

63
Q

Lact/o

A

Milk

64
Q

-arche

A

Beginning

Example menarche is the very first period

65
Q

-cyesis

A

Pregnancy

Pseudocyesis =false pregnancy

66
Q

Pseudo-

A

False

67
Q

-gravida

A

Pregnant

Primigravida = first pregnancy
After first then it’s listed as Gravida 2, 3 …

68
Q

Total hysterectomy

A

is only removing the entire uterus ( fundus , corpus, cervix).

69
Q

-troph

A

Stimulating

70
Q

-nulli

A

No, not, none

Example: nulligravida no pregnancy

71
Q
  • para

- parous

A

To bear; bring forth (live births)

Example: nullipara a cervix that has not given a vaginal birth will be smooth and a small opening.

Parous also used as an adjective describing a woman who has given birth to at least one child.

Para also used as a noun, followed by a number to indicate the number of deliveries after the 20th week of gestation (para 1, para 2). When a woman arrives in the birthing facility her gravidity and parity are important facts. Ex: G2P2 is medical shorthand for a woman wo has had 2 pregnancies and 2 deliveries.

72
Q

Primi-

A

First

Example: primipara first bearing or bringing forth a live birth.

73
Q

Retro-

A

Backward

Example: retroversion uterus is abnormally tilted backwards

74
Q

-rrhea

A

Discharge

75
Q

-salpinx

A

Fallopian ( uterine) tube

Example: pyosalpinx
Py/o= pus
-salpinx= Fallopian tube

76
Q

-tocia

A

Labor; birth

Example: dystocia painful birth
Oxytocia (oxy- means rapid)

77
Q

Oxytocin

A

Pituitary gland releases to stimulate the pregnant uterus to contract (labor begins). It also stimulates milk secretion from the mammary glands.

78
Q

-version

A

Act of turning

Example: cephalic version turning the head for cephalic presentation ( manner in which the fetus appears to the examiner during delivery).

79
Q

Galact/o

A

Milk
Also
Lact/o

80
Q

Col/p

A

Vagina

Also vagin/o

81
Q

-cyesis and -gravida

A

Pregnancy

82
Q

Salping/o

-salpinx

A

Fallopian tube or oviduct

83
Q

Episi/o

A

Or vulv/o

Vulva pertaining to external female genitalia

84
Q

Amenorrhea

A

No menstrual flow

85
Q

Dysmenorrhea

A

Painful menstrual flow

86
Q

Leukorrhea

A

White discharge ( normally from vagina and also associated with cervicitis)

87
Q

Metrorrhagia

A

Bleeding from the uterus at irregular intervals

88
Q

Galactorrhea

A

Abnormal discharge of milk from breasts

89
Q

Menorrhagia

A

Profuse or to longed menstrual periods occurring at regular intervals.

90
Q

Pyosalpinx

A

Pus in the Fallopian tubes

91
Q

Dyspareunia

A

Dys-
Pareunia
Painful sexual intercourse

92
Q

Menometrorrhagia

A

Heavy bleeding at and between menstrual periods

Men/o= menstruation
Metr/o= uterus or womb
-rrhagia= bursting forth with blood
93
Q

Oligomenorrhea

A

Scanty menstrual flow
Olig/o= scanty (little)
Men/o = menstruation
-rrhea = flow; discharge

94
Q

Gynecomastia

A

Enlargement of breasts in a male. It often occurs with puberty or aging, or the condition could be drug related.

95
Q

Anovulatory

A

Pertaining to no ovulation ( egg is not released from the ovary)

96
Q

Parturition

A

Act of giving birth

97
Q

Nulliparous

A

A woman who has never given birth

98
Q

Culdocentesis

Culd/o/ centesis

A

-Centesis = a surgical puncture to remove fluids

Culd/o = cul-de-sac

A needle placed through the posterior wall of the vagina and fluid is withdrawn for diagnostic purposes.

99
Q

Episiotomy

Episi/o / tomy

A

Incision through the skin of the perineum to enlarge the vaginal orifice for delivery.

To repair the incision is called a
Perineorrhaphy

100
Q

Pelvimetry

A

Measurement of the dimensions of the maternal pelvic bone to see if the baby will fit to give birth

101
Q

Fontanelle

A

Soft spot between the newborn’s cranial bones

102
Q

Hyaline membrane disease

A

Acute lung disease in the premature newborn: surfactant deficiency

103
Q

Erythroblastosis fetalis

A

Hemolytic disease of the newborn. (HDN) caused by a blood group (Rh factor) incompatibility between mother and fetus. One of the signs is jaundice. Can happen after the first birth where the baby and mother are opposites in Rh charge one - one is +, the mother (Rh-)builds up antibodies and the second child is Rh+ mothers Rh antibodies attack the baby’s then he produces immature RBC to compensate the result is HDN.

104
Q

Meconium aspiration syndrome

A

Condition resulting from inhalation of a thick, sticky black substance by the newborn.
Meconium is baby’s first stool. He inhales it. It blocks air passage cause respiratory distress.

Medical Terminology (10 decks)

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