Respiratory system Flashcards
Study of lungs
Pulmonology
Cellular respiration
cellular process which carbohydrates are converted into ATP energy
Physiological respiration
Movement of oxygen from outside environment into cells within tissues, removal of carbon dioxide in opposite direction
External respiration
Breathing
Exchange of gasses between alveoli and blood
Involves bringing air into lungs and releasing air into atmos
Internal respiration
Oxygen and carbon dioxide exchanged btw blood vessels and body cells
Conductive zone
structures which convey air from outside body to lungs:
Cleans air entering lungs, warms air to 37 degrees before entering alveoli, saturates air with moisture (protects alveoli from drying out)
Nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles
Respiratory zone
structures involved in gas exchange:
bronchioles, alveoli
Nasal passage/oral cavity
mouth and nose intake air and breathe out waste
Air is warmed by blood passing thro large # of capillaries, moistended by mucus membranes, and filtered by hair, cilia, mucus
Why do we filter, moisten, and warm our air?
so that our alveoli don’t get damaged, also prevents damage to delicate lung tissue
Pharynx
Transports air from nasal passage/oral cav to larynx (esophagus), part of respiratory digestive system
Epiglottis
Membrane which covers larynx when you swallow
Food is then directed into your esophagus and not trachea
When is epiglottis open (not covering larynx)
When breathing, talking, eating inhaling singing
Larynx
Passageway for air only, consists of several pieces of cartilage, contains vocal cords
Vocal cords vibrate as air goes thro them producing sound
Trachea
Tube that carries air to bronchi, contains c shaped rings of cartilage to provide support to keep it open
Has goblet cells that secrete mucus that traps dust and microorganisms, cilia on epithelial tissue (lines inside trachea) directs mucus up epiglottis then swallowed and digested
Bronchi
tubes that carry air to bronchioles, site where respiratory system splits into left n right
c shaped cartilage for structure that contains mucus and cillia
what are the 3 types of bronchi
primary: left and right main bronchi
Secondary: middle of lungs, lobar bronchi
teritiary: edge of lungs, just before the bronchioles
bronchioles
smaller tubes that branch from bronchi
Terminal: Last conducting airway and it gives rise to 2 or more respiratory bronchioles
Respiratory bronchioles: delivers air to alveoli
Respiratory zone
gas exchange, alveoli give oxygen to capillaries, capillaries give carbon to alveoli
Alveoli
300 mil in each lung, Provides SA, site of gas exchange, wrapped w capillaries (1 cell thick easier for diffusion)
tiny air sacs at the end of bronchioles, where lungs and blood exchange oxygen and carbon
3 parts of alveoli
Alveolar duct: leads to sac
Alveoli: one (singular)
Alveolar sacs: bundle of alveoli
Whats diffusion
Particles move down concentration gradient from high concen to low
greater the diff, faster the diffusion
explain how oxygen moves into alveoli
oxygen moves in, high concen of o2 in alveoli, low concen of o2 in capillaries, o2 diffuses into capillaries (RBC), blood to left side of heart
Explain how carbon leaves the alveoli
Co2 moves into capillary from right side of heart, high concen of co2 in capilliaries, low concen of of co2 in alveoli, co2 diffuses into alveoli, co2 moves up respiratory tract
Diaphragm?
A muscle located under lungs, involved in breathing.
When it contracts and relaxes it changes the volume inside the thoracic cavity (area above the diaphraghm that contains the lungs and heart), changes pressure inside lungs
