Respiratory system

Question 1

Study of lungs

Answer 1

Pulmonology

Question 2

Cellular respiration

Answer 2

cellular process which carbohydrates are converted into ATP energy

Question 3

Physiological respiration

Answer 3

Movement of oxygen from outside environment into cells within tissues, removal of carbon dioxide in opposite direction

Question 4

External respiration

Answer 4

Breathing
Exchange of gasses between alveoli and blood
Involves bringing air into lungs and releasing air into atmos

Question 5

Internal respiration

Answer 5

Oxygen and carbon dioxide exchanged btw blood vessels and body cells

Question 6

Conductive zone

Answer 6

structures which convey air from outside body to lungs:

Cleans air entering lungs, warms air to 37 degrees before entering alveoli, saturates air with moisture (protects alveoli from drying out)

Nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles

Question 7

Respiratory zone

Answer 7

structures involved in gas exchange:

bronchioles, alveoli

Question 8

Nasal passage/oral cavity

Answer 8

mouth and nose intake air and breathe out waste

Air is warmed by blood passing thro large # of capillaries, moistended by mucus membranes, and filtered by hair, cilia, mucus

Question 9

Why do we filter, moisten, and warm our air?

Answer 9

so that our alveoli don’t get damaged, also prevents damage to delicate lung tissue

Question 10

Pharynx

Answer 10

Transports air from nasal passage/oral cav to larynx (esophagus), part of respiratory digestive system

Question 11

Epiglottis

Answer 11

Membrane which covers larynx when you swallow

Food is then directed into your esophagus and not trachea

Question 12

When is epiglottis open (not covering larynx)

Answer 12

When breathing, talking, eating inhaling singing

Question 13

Larynx

Answer 13

Passageway for air only, consists of several pieces of cartilage, contains vocal cords

Vocal cords vibrate as air goes thro them producing sound

Question 14

Trachea

Answer 14

Tube that carries air to bronchi, contains c shaped rings of cartilage to provide support to keep it open

Has goblet cells that secrete mucus that traps dust and microorganisms, cilia on epithelial tissue (lines inside trachea) directs mucus up epiglottis then swallowed and digested

Question 15

Bronchi

Answer 15

tubes that carry air to bronchioles, site where respiratory system splits into left n right

c shaped cartilage for structure that contains mucus and cillia

Question 16

what are the 3 types of bronchi

Answer 16

primary: left and right main bronchi
Secondary: middle of lungs, lobar bronchi
teritiary: edge of lungs, just before the bronchioles

Question 17

bronchioles

Answer 17

smaller tubes that branch from bronchi

Terminal: Last conducting airway and it gives rise to 2 or more respiratory bronchioles

Respiratory bronchioles: delivers air to alveoli

Question 18

Respiratory zone

Answer 18

gas exchange, alveoli give oxygen to capillaries, capillaries give carbon to alveoli

Question 19

Alveoli

Answer 19

300 mil in each lung, Provides SA, site of gas exchange, wrapped w capillaries (1 cell thick easier for diffusion)

tiny air sacs at the end of bronchioles, where lungs and blood exchange oxygen and carbon

Question 20

3 parts of alveoli

Answer 20

Alveolar duct: leads to sac
Alveoli: one (singular)
Alveolar sacs: bundle of alveoli

Question 21

Whats diffusion

Answer 21

Particles move down concentration gradient from high concen to low

greater the diff, faster the diffusion

Question 22

explain how oxygen moves into alveoli

Answer 22

oxygen moves in, high concen of o2 in alveoli, low concen of o2 in capillaries, o2 diffuses into capillaries (RBC), blood to left side of heart

Question 23

Explain how carbon leaves the alveoli

Answer 23

Co2 moves into capillary from right side of heart, high concen of co2 in capilliaries, low concen of of co2 in alveoli, co2 diffuses into alveoli, co2 moves up respiratory tract

Question 24

Diaphragm?

Answer 24

A muscle located under lungs, involved in breathing.

When it contracts and relaxes it changes the volume inside the thoracic cavity (area above the diaphraghm that contains the lungs and heart), changes pressure inside lungs

Question 25

Inspiration (inhalation) whats happening?

Answer 25

External intercostal muscles contract and the internal intercostal muscles relax, moving ribcage up and out

Diaphragm contracts (flattens) and moves down so volume increases in lungs

pressure decreases in lungs so air rushes into lungs

alveoli inflate

Question 26

Exhalation, whats happening?

Answer 26

External intercostal muscles relax and internal intercostal muscles contract so ribcage moves down and in

diaphragm relaxes and moves up, decreasing volume in lungs

pressure increases in thoracic cavity so air moves out lungs

alveoli deflates

Question 27

Total lung capacity

Answer 27

Maximum volume of air that lungs can hold at any given time

Question 28

Inspiratory reserve volume

Answer 28

When breathing deeply this is additional volume of air that lung forcibly inhaled after normal tidal volume

Question 29

Expiratory reserve volume

Answer 29

Volume of air that can be forcibly exhaled from the lungs after normal tidal volume

Question 30

Residual volume

Answer 30

Volume of air that lungs retain after maximal expiration

Question 31

Vital capacity

Answer 31

Maximum amount of air that is moved in and out of the respiratory system

Question 32

Tidal volume

Answer 32

The volume of air that passes in and out of the lungs during the normal relaxed breathing

Question 33

Gills strategies for respiration?

Answer 33

Counter current flow: flow of water is in opposite direction of blood in gills. Increases amount of oxygen fish are able to obtain.

Significance: Most efficient way to get oxygen to hills in water, fish don’t need a lot of water