Biodiveristy

Question 1

Biology

Answer 1

Study of living organisms

Question 2

8 things all living organisms must meet

Answer 2

1. Made of cells
2. Obtain and use energy
   3.grow and develop
3. Reproduce
4. Pass traits onto offspring’s (heredity)
5. Responds to environments (sweating, shivering etc)
6. Adapting to environment
7. Maintain homeostasis (balance, if ur cold/hot how does ur body react)

Question 3

Biodiversity?

Answer 3

Refers to variety of species and ecosystems on earth and the ecological processes of which they are apart.

Question 4

What are the 3 components of biodiversity, explain?

Answer 4

1. Ecosystem diversity (variety of habitats)
2. Specifies diversity (how many species in an area
3. Genetics diversity (difference in genetic material within the same species, eg humans)

Question 5

Factors affecting biodiversity?

Answer 5

Sunlight, pollution, human, activity, invasive species, over exploitation, habitat change (loss),climate (temp)

Question 6

Taxonomy

Answer 6

Systematic method of biological classification

Question 7

Why is it important to be able to classify organisms

Answer 7

Classification helps identify organisms, establish relationships among groups of organisms, studies phylogeny and evolutionary history of organisms.

Question 8

What are the 3 ways to identify species and describe them

Answer 8

Morphological species concept: using eyes, most common, focuses on body shape size etc compares descriptions of similar organisms.

Biological species concept: focuses on similar characteristics and ability of organisms to interbreed in nature. Must happen in natural circumstances and be viable offspring (live until adulthood)

Phylogenetic species concept: focuses evolutionary relationships among organisms.

Question 9

What is hierarchical classification

Answer 9

Method of classifying organisms in which species are arranged in categories from most general to most specific.

Question 10

What did Carl Linnaeus create in 18th century?

Answer 10

Linnaean classification system, grouped species into levels based on shared characteristics. Each of the 8 taxonomic categories is known as a rank, name of each rank is called a taxon

Question 11

What’s the order of classification

Answer 11

Dominion, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

Question 12

What is binomial nomenclature

Answer 12

Naming system, genus is capitalized and written FIRST, species in lower case and underlined (everything) eg, Homo sapiens (underlined)

Question 13

What is phylogenetic

Answer 13

Study of evolutionary relationships, understand evolutionary history and pattern of descent of higher taxonomy ranks

Question 14

3 types of evidence in modern taxonomy

Answer 14

Morphological features

Physiological features

Dna

Question 15

Phylogenetic trees

Answer 15

Branching diagrams used to show evolutionary relationship amog species, length of line reps time

Question 16

Clade

Answer 16

Taxonomic group that includes a single common ancestor and all its descendants

Question 17

Cladistics

Answer 17

Specific method within phylogenetics that focuses on shared or derived (passed on) traits inherited from a common ancestor

Branching diagrams are called cladograms

Length of line does not represent time

Question 18

Synapomorphy

Answer 18

We or derived traits that the ancestor does not possess

Question 19

Ingroup

Answer 19

Members of a clade that have one or more synamorphies

Question 20

Out group

Answer 20

First group to have diverged from the other members of a clade

Question 21

Dichotomous keys

Answer 21

Another tool used to identify organisms, series of choices w 2 answers, leading user to correct name of item

Question 22

3 domain and 6 kingdoms

Answer 22

Domains: bacteria, archea, eukarya

Kingdoms: archea, bacteria, protists, fungi, plantae animalia

Question 23

Viruses?

Answer 23

Microscopic particle that acts as a parasite that replicated ONLY when inside a LIVING host

Question 24

Describe viruses

Answer 24

genetic material is not surrounded by a membrane, do not metabolize energy or perform cellular respiration, depend on host cells to reproduce, non cellular made up of protein covered in genetic material that can invade cells.

Question 25

Virus structure?

Answer 25

capsid: surrounding protein capsule, genetic material is DNA/RNA, some found surrounded by envelope when leaves host cell, no cytoplasm or organelles, extremely small

Question 26

4 components of virus classification

Answer 26

Size and shape, type of host, type of genetic material, method of replication

Question 27

Virus structures

Answer 27

Filamentous, icosahedral, enveloped, head-tail

Question 28

DNA

Answer 28

Double standees sugar (deoxyibose) and nucleotide base(thymine)

Eg, hep B, adenovirus (tumours, respiratory)

Question 29

RNA

Answer 29

Single stranded
Sugar (ribose), nucleotide base (uracil)

Eg, measles, pneumonia, common cold, rabies

Question 30

What’s the difference between virus and bacteriophages

Answer 30

Virus infection only hujans, bacteriophages infect bacteria

Question 31

What’s the difference between lysogenic cycle and lytic cycle

Answer 31

Lytic: viral DNA takes over cell functions and destroys cell, symptoms of viral infection,

Lysogenic: viral DNA merges will cell DNA and does not destroy cell, no symptoms virus is dormant

Question 32

What’s a vaccine and what r the types

Answer 32

Vaccine - initiates an immune response to build antibodies that remain in body

Weakened strains: weakend strains of virus are injected, eh chicken pox, nasal spray

Inactivated virus are injected (hep A, polio)

Partial virus is injected ( flue shot, hep B, pneumonia)

Question 33

How are kingdoms classified

Answer 33

Similar structure and function btw diff organisms

Based on evolutionary and biochemical relationships