Evoloution

Question 1

What is a hypothesis

Answer 1

Suggested explanation that can be tested

Question 2

What’s a scientific theory

Answer 2

Explanation supposed by scientific evidence, answers question why?

Question 3

define a scientific law

Answer 3

Describes a natural phenomenon, describes WHAT is happening.

Question 4

What is a variation

Answer 4

The differences between individuals

The number of possible
Combinations of alleles that an offspring can inherit results in genetic variation

Question 5

Mutations

Answer 5

Starting point of genetic variation in populations,

they change the dna of a organism

Provide new alleles in a population

Only source of new genetic variation within a species

Question 6

What happened if a mutation occurs in a somatic cell

Answer 6

The mutation disappears from
The population when the organism dies

Question 7

What happened if a mutation alters DNA in a gamete

Answer 7

The mutation can be passed on to generations, these mutations are inherited

Question 8

What is biological evolution

Answer 8

An inherited change that happens within a population, NOT individuals

Change in the allele frequencies within a population

Question 9

Adaption

Answer 9

Structure, behaviour or physiological process helps an organism survive and reproduce particular environment

Question 10

Describe adaptations

Answer 10

adaptations make organisms well suited to their habitat,

evolutionary adaptations are not a response to environment but a consequence

Question 11

What’s another word for reproductive success

Answer 11

Fitness: often described as the relative contribution (number) an organism makes to the next generation by producing offspring that are viable (survive long enough to reproduce)

Question 12

Does an organism with many viable offsprings have high or low fitness?

Answer 12

High fitness

Question 13

Does an organism with little to none viable offspring have high or low fitness

Answer 13

Low fitness

Question 14

What’s the connection between adaptation mutation and variation

Answer 14

An adaptation develops when a specific variation (random, heritable, mutation in DNA) provides a selective advantage (genetic advantage they improved organisms chances of survival)

This advantageous variation will gradually accumulate in population

Change in the allele frequency within a population = evolution

Question 15

What are the 3 types of adaptions

Answer 15

Structural, physiological, behavioural

Question 16

What is structural adaptation

Answer 16

Specific part or feature of the organism’s body eg fluffy feathers or an owl allow them to fly in silent

Question 17

Mimicry

Answer 17

Harmless species physically resemble a harmful species

Question 18

What is physiological adaptation

Answer 18

Permits an organism to perform a specific function

Eg hibernation allows squirrels to survive harsh winters

Question 19

What is behavioural adaptation

Answer 19

Ways an organism acts

Eg hunting strategies, migration

Question 20

Types of evolution

Answer 20

Microevolution, macroevolution

Question 21

Microevolution

Answer 21

Changes in allele frequencies with a population over successive generations

Allele frequencies: number of copies in an allele compared to the total number of alleles in a population

Question 22

Macroevoloution

Answer 22

The progression of biodiversity over a long period of time

Descent of many species from a common ancestor

Accumulation of many instances of micro

Invoked speciation (new species) and extinction

Question 23

What is a fossil, how does it support evoloution?

Answer 23

Fossil: Chronological collection of life’s remains in mostly sedimentary layers, hard tar pits, volcanic ash

Shows the history of life by showing past species that were alive

Question 24

How does fossil evidence explain how closely related species are?

Answer 24

Fossils found in young layers of rock are much more similar to species alive today then older layers

Question 25

whats transitional species? how does it relate to fossil evidence?

Answer 25

TS: a species that has characteristics that are shared by more than one major group of organisms

Has traits of an ancestral group and a derived descendant group

Fossil evidence shows the transition from species to species, show intermediary links between groups of organisms

Species thats an intermediate btw 2 species

Question 26

What is embryology?

Answer 26

Study of early pre birth stages of an organism’s development

Embryos of closely relates organisms often have similar stages in development

Question 27

Biogeography

Answer 27

study of the distribution of organisms and ecosystems in space and through geological time, how geography of world has impacted distribution and evoloution

Geographically closer environments are more likely rto be closely related, even if environments are different.

Eg desert in SA and forest in SA = closer related

Desert in SA and desert in Aus = not as close