Circulatory system

Question 1

Circulatory systems purpose?

Answer 1

Transports blood to all body parts,

removal of waste from all body cells (metabolic waste which includes co2),

Transports hormones from endocrine glands to their target organs,

Transport of nutrients from digestive system to all body cells,

help protect body from viruses and blood cells

Question 2

What function do the 4 chambers serve ( 2oxygenated, 2 deoxygenayed)

Answer 2

Structure: right side contains deoxygenated blood, left has oxygenated blood. Atria receive blood, ventricles pump blood.

Function: want to separate into 4 chambers so oxygenated and deoxygenated blood don’t mix

Atria have less muscle and receive blood, pass blood into ventricle which has a thicker wall of muscle to pump blood out of heart

Question 3

Why does the heart need valves ?

Answer 3

Structure: flaps of muscle that come together and separate sections of heart

Function: Prevent blood from flowing in wrong direction (prevents backflow)

Allows for high pressure pumping action

Question 4

What anatomical differences are there btw right and left ventricle?

Answer 4

Right: only pumps to lungs, less muscular

left: pumping blood to entire body, left needs more muscle to be able to pump the blood everywhere

Question 5

What is the purpose of the septum?

Answer 5

Struc: Thick muscular wall that separates left and right of heart

Function: Prevents mixing or oxygenated and deoxygenated blood

Question 6

Describe the flow of deoxygenated blood in the heart

Answer 6

From tissues its collected into the superior and inferior vena cava and fills right atrium.

Moves from right atrium into right ventricle through tricuspid valve

pumped from the right ventricle into pulmonary artery (thro pul valve), which leads to lungs (capillaries lie on top of alveoli for gas exchange)

Question 7

Describe the flow of oxygenated blood in the heart

Answer 7

From the lungs moves to pulmonary vein and collects in the left atrium

Moves from left atrium into left ventricle through bicuspid valve

Then is pumped from left ventricle into the aorta thro aortic valve

Pumped from aorta to the tissues in our body

Question 8

Pulmonarey circulation?

Answer 8

Flow of blood from heart to lungs for gas exchange

Question 9

Systemic circulation?

Answer 9

Flow of blood from heart to body, supply organs/tissues with oxygen, nutrients, and remove wastes

Question 10

What is the only organ that receives the full cardiac output?

Answer 10

The liver

Question 11

What are the 3 parts of the electrical conduction and the heart?

Answer 11

SA node, AV node, His-Purkinje network

Question 12

SA node:

Answer 12

Hearts natural pacemaker, electrical signal starts in SA node and spreads through walls of atria (both atriums), causing them to contract forcing blood into ventricles

Question 13

AV node:

Answer 13

Delays signal, giving the atria time to contract before the ventricles do

Question 14

His-Purkinje network:

Answer 14

Pathway of fibres that send an impulse to muscular walls of ventricles causing them to contract from apex (bottom) forcing blood up and out of heart

Question 15

Whats the ECG

Answer 15

Measures the electrical impulses by a beating heart, doctors determine to find problems in heart. Straight line = dead

Question 16

Blood pressure

Answer 16

Measure of pressure or force of blood against the walls of arteries while heart is contracting or relaxing. 2 measurements (systolic, diastolic)

Question 17

Systole (contraction)

Answer 17

Pressure measurement of when ventricles contract.

blood moves out of the ventricle: blood from right ventricle gets pushed to the lungs and blood from left ventricle gets sent to body thro aorta

Question 18

Diastole (relaxtion)

Answer 18

Measurement when ventricles are relaxed, blood moves into ventricle .

while ventricles are relaxed, blood from right/left atrium fills ventricles

Question 19

What happens when a sphygmomanometer is inflated what happends?

Answer 19

prevents blood flow, no sound is heard

when pressure released, foirst sound is systolic, second diastolic

Question 20

4 components of blood?

Answer 20

Plasma: liquid part of blood, dilute solution of salts, glucose, amino acids, urea etc

WBC: involved in immune system

Platelets: involved w blood clotting

RBC: involved w carrying 02

Question 21

Red blood cells?

Answer 21

Erythrocytes, biconcave disc, no nucleus to have more space to bind 02 molecules

Func: transports 02 to tissues and c02 to lungs

Question 22

How does structure relate to func (RBC)

Answer 22

Biconcave shape helps increase SA for gas exchange, Flexible so don’t get stuck in capillaries, diameter of RBCS is same diameter of capillary (increased gas exchange)

disease is sickle cell anemia

Question 23

Hemoglobin

Answer 23

proteins found in RBC, composed of 4 protein chains, each containing heme group

1 RBC = 4 hemegroups = 4 molecules of 02

allows blood to carry 70x more 02 than if dissolved in plasma

Question 24

Carbon monoxide

Answer 24

Poisonous due to high affinity to RBCS, carbon monoxide has easier time attaching to hemoglobin

Therefore replaces 02, deprives body of 02

Question 25

White blood cells?

Answer 25

Leukocytes, various shapes depending on role in immune system, have a nucleus

Func: Immune defense, number in bloodstream can double when fighting infection

Question 26

How does struc relate to func (WBC)

Answer 26

Some cells are larger and can engulf foreign particles/bacteria/viruses tagged for destruction

disease: leukemia

Question 27

Platelets

Answer 27

Thrombocytes, platelike, no nucleus (fragments of cells produced by bone marrow) involved in clotting process

Question 28

How does struc relate to func (platelets)

Answer 28

Chemicals in platelets allow them to stick (magenet) to cell wall of cut, forms clot overtime prevents blood from leaking out

hemophilia

Question 29

Arties func and struc?

Answer 29

Func: carry blood away from heart

struc: small lumen diameter, thick muscle layer and highly elastic, no valves

Question 30

How does struc relate to func (artery)

Answer 30

thick wall which is highly elastic allows to withstand the high pressure that heart exerts on the blood

Question 31

Veins struc and func?

Answer 31

Larger diameter lumen than artery

func: Bring blood back to heart

struc: Less elastic connective tissue, has valves, prevents backflow and bring blood back to heart

Question 32

how does struc help func (veins)

Answer 32

Blood lacks pressure, therefore walls don’t need to be as thick. The valves are required to help blood return to heart

Question 33

Skeletal muscle pump

Answer 33

blood cannot travel back to heart by itself, skeletal muscles contract to push blood upwards.

muscles relax, blood falls until fills a valve, then closes and prevents backflow

Question 34

Capillaries func and struc?

Answer 34

Func: site of internal gas exchange also allows for diffusion of nutrients and waste btw cells and bloodstream

structure: single cell thick, smallest vessel, diamnetrer only allows 1rbc to fit thro, no valves

Question 35

Structure related to func (capillaries)

Answer 35

Single cell thick allows for exchange of gas and nutrients

Smaller diameter allows rbc to push against wall for easier gas exchange