Plants Flashcards
Characteristics of plants
Eukaryotic, multicellular, autotrophs, cell wall is cellulose, sessile (stationary)
What’s the organization of plant kingdom based on
Presence ir a sense of vascular tissues (xylem and phloem)
Presence or absence of seeds (non seeded plants use spores)
What are bryophytes?
Non vascular plants, terrestrial plants, no vascular tissue, depend on diffusion and osmosis and live in moist areas, lack roots
3 phyla: mosses, liverworts, hornworts
Seedless vascular plants? How did they form first forests?
Formed the first forests bc if vascular tissues allowed them to grow tall.
They reproduce using haploid spores instead of seeds
4 phyla: whisk ferns, ferns, club mosses, horsetails
What are the 2 groups of seed vascular plants? Explain
Gymnospemrs: have non-enclosed seeds
Angiosperms: enclosed seeds in protective tissue
Why is reproduction with seeds useful to plants?
Allow sexual reproduction wo water, produce protection for embryo, survive many years wo water, survive colder temps, dispersed away from parent plants
Gymnosperms
Cone bearing, eg pines, hv seeds exposed on surface of cone scales, most perform photosynthesis year round, live in places too dry hot or cold for angiosperms,
Gymosperms: what’s the reproductive structure called and how does it occur?
The conifers structure is called the cone, sexual reproduction occurs in seed plants when male cone transports to female unfertilized eggs in cone.
For this to happen male cones make pollen grains, wjnd carries poolej to fertilize egg
Describe make cones and female cones?
Make: short lived, soft
Female: hard and long lasting w eggs exposed in surface if scales
Angiosperms
Anything that makes a flower, known as flowering plants, reproduce using flowers and seeds containing fruits, 90% of plants are angiosperms. Most common for indivual plants to be both male and female.
What is a fruit
A mature ovary of a flower, contains seeds. Gives seeds protection and range in morphology to disperse seeds succesfully.
Seeds dispersed by being eaten by animals, burr sticking to mammals, coconuts floating to new shoreline to germinate
What’s vegative propagation
Plants clone themself or reproduce by this, a piece if a plant produces an entirely new plant, asexual.
Pollination?
Sexual reproduction, one pollen grain lands on the sticky stigma of flower. One sperm fertilizes egg and becomes embryo, other sperm fertilizes 2 polar bodies and bcomes the food for the embryo,p. Called double fertilization.
After, ovule becomes seed, ovary becomes fruit
Cross pollination?
Pollen is transferred from one plant to another of same species
Self pollination
Pollen is from same plant
