Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology Grade 11 > evoloution vocabulary > Flashcards

evoloution vocabulary Flashcards

1
Q

variation

A

the differences between individuals, number of possible alleles offspring can inherit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Biological evolution

A

An inherited change that happens within a POPULATION, not individual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Adaptation

A

a structure, behaviour, physiological process that helps an organism survive and reproduce

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Fitness

A

another word to describe reproductive success, relative contribution (#) an organism makes to the next generation by producing viable offsprings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Viable

A

can survive long enough to reproduce

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Structural adaptation

A

Specific part of feature of the organism’s body, eg fluffy feathers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Physiological adaptation

A

Permits an organism to perform a specific function, eg hibernation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Behavioural adaptation

A

ways an organism acts, eg hunting strats, migration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Microevolution

A

Change in allele frequencies with a population over successive generations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Allele frequency

A

Number of copies of an allele compared to the total number of alleles in a population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Macroevoloution

A

Progression of biodiversity over a long period of time, descent of many species from a common ancestor

Involved speciation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Fossils

A

Chronological collection of lifes remains in sedimentary layers, hard tar pits, volcanic ash etc. Shows history of life by showing kinds of species that were alive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

transitional species

A

A species that has characteristics that are shared by more than one major group of organisms, show intermediary links btw groups of organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Comparative anatomy

A

study of similarities and differences in anatomy between species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Homologous

A

Anatomical structures found in different species, have similar structure and derived from a common ancestor. Can have a different function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Analogous

A

Structures have similar functions but DO NOT share common ancestor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Vestigal

A

Homologous characteristics of organisms that have lost all or most of their original function in a species through evolution eg human tail bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Biochemical analysis (DNA)

A

Scientists can determine how closely related 2 organisms are by comparing DNA and proteins, use DNA barcoding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Embryology

A

Study of early pre-birth stages of an organisms development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Biogeography

A

Study of the distribution of organisms and ecosystems in space and through geological time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Mechanisms for evolution

A

Mutation, natural selection, non-random mating, genetic drift, gene flow

22
Q

Mutations

A

change that randomly occurs in the DNA of an individual that is HERITABLE, only source of new alleles/genes

23
Q

neutral mutations

A

occur in non-coding regions of genetic material and do not benefit or harm the organism, eg attached earlobes

24
Q

Natural selection

A

organisms with advantageous heritable traits are selected for, survive and reproduce passing their traits to offspring

25
Q

Directional, Disruptive and stabilizing natural selection

A

Directional: Results in shift in one extreme aspect of a trait, moves curve one direction. Eg selects for one extreme

Disruptive: natural selection selects for both extremes and removes the most common characteristics. Extremes may become separate species

Stabilizing: Favours intermediate, selects against extreme

26
Q

Inbreeding

A

closely related individuals breed together

27
Q

Preferred phenotypes

A

selecting a mate based on physical and behavioural traits

28
Q

Disassortative mating

A

Organisms with different phenotypes mate tg

29
Q

Genetic drift

A

Changes in gene/allele frequencies in small populations, alleles lost at random or by chance

30
Q

Bottleneck affect

A

Large, temporary reduction in population resulting in genetic drift. occurs by change, eg environmental disaster

Some alleles may be lost as only few survive and produce from natural disaster

31
Q

Founder effect

A

by chance, small # OF INDIVIDUALS establish a new population distant from original

Causes limited number of alleles to be present, loosing genetic diversity

32
Q

Geneflow

A

Movement of alleles from one population to another by movement of individuals, must have migration of fertile individual, changes allele frequency

33
Q

Species

A

carl linneus says its a group defined by morphological differences from all other life forms, today it focuses on genetics and biochem

34
Q

Biological species concept

A

population where individuals reproduce naturally, and produce a viable offspring

35
Q

Speciation

A

Formation of a new species, allopatric and sympatric

36
Q

Allopatric speciation

A

new species form when a single species is separated into 2 isolated populations by a geographical barrier,

physical separation prevents exchange of genetic info

37
Q

Sympatric speciation

A

Individuals within a population become genetically isolated from larger pop without geographic isolation

38
Q

Reproductive isolating mechanism

A

any behavioural, structural or biochemical trait that prevents individs of a diff species from reproducing successfully

39
Q

Prezygotic

A

prevents mating or fetilization

40
Q

Postzygotic

A

prevent viable and fertile offsprings

41
Q

Ecological isolation (MP)

A

Species that occupy separate habitats or seperate niches of the same habitat do not meet to mate

42
Q

Temporal isolation (MP)

A

temporal conditions refer to time of day, seasons or diff years, diff species mate at diff times

43
Q

Behavioural isolation (MP)

A

The courtship and mating cues for attracting a mate are very specific for each species, rituals aren’t recognized by one another

44
Q

Mechanical isolation (FP)

A

Structural differences in reproductive organs prevent copulation eg divided into sep species bc of gentalia shape

45
Q

Gametic isolation

A

Prevents fertilization at the molecular level, egg n sperm fail to fuse, does not recognize male sperm (attacker)

46
Q

Zygotic mortality

A

fertilized zygote die before birth, chromosomes arent compatible

47
Q

Hybrid inviability

A

Embryo develops and dies before birth or is born alive but hybrid is weak and does not survive to reproduce

48
Q

Hybrid infertility

A

Hybrids do dev normally to reach sexual maturity but are sterile (do not prod viable gametes)

49
Q

assortive mating

A

when indivis mate w partners that are like themselves in certain characteristics

50
Q

Sexual selection

A

certain characteristics are actively sought out by one sex usually females, one result is sexuak dismorphism (marked diff btw males and females)

Biology Grade 11 (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions