Non Mendelian Inheritence Patterns Flashcards
Incomplete dominance
Occurs when neither of the 2 alleles for the same gene can completely conceal presence of other allele, they don’t surpress eachother
Intermediate expression in heterozygous individuals
Phenotype is blended
Use capital letters for both allelles (RRWW)
Codominance
Both genes expressed in heterozygous condition
Eg red hair + white hair = roan (both shown not blend)
Capital letter to rep trait, super script to rep allele always caps
Eg red cow and white cow mixed = C^RC^R and C^W C^W
Multiple allelles
More than 2 possible alleles interact for 1 gene
An individual usuallly has 2 alleles only, one in each homologous chromosome, however many different alleles for a gene can exist within a population
ABO blood type system
Gene that determines your blood type actually determines what type of antigen protein you have
3 possible types, A, B, O, AB
Antigens
Protein markers that stimulate the immune system,
immune system detects antigens that aren’t familiar and triggers the release of antibodies which then mark intruders for termination
Antigens are how cells communicate, dictates blood type
Which blood group can use any blood, and which is the universal donor?
Ab is universal recipient, can take any type of blood
O is the universal donor, every blood type can take O including O
What are the 3 possible alleles and the antigens present
I^A - antigen A
I^B - antigen B
i- no antigen (O)
In the ABO system there’s true dominance and co dominance, which ones have dominance and co dominance
Type A and B show true dominance over type O
Type A and type B show co dominance with eachother
What are the genotypes and phenotypes of ABO system
Genotypes: I^A I^A or I^A i- type A (pheno)
I B I B or I B i - Type B
I A I B - type AB (equally dom)
ii- type O (truly ressesive)
How is the sex of an individual determined
By sex chromosomes contributed to zygote by sperm and egg
Female donates x (xx) from egg
Makes donate x and y (xy) from sperm
Therefore sperm determines gender
Do x and y have same amount of genes
No x has about 2000 while y has less then 100
What’s a barr body
When females inactivate one of their X chromosomes, not all female cells are identical because different xes can be inactivated
The x condenses really small so we can’t read the instructions and deactivates
Sex linked inheritance
Sex linked traits found in X chromosome
Letters superscript in x chromo
Are most x lines disorders ressesckve or dominant
Recessive, a,so often affect makes more, ratio of 8:1
Females need 2 recessive copies of the allele to be colourblind, men need 1
Geno and one o if colourblindness
Xb y - make w colourblindness
XB Y - normal vision male
Xb Xb - female w colourblindness
XB Xb - carrier but normal vision
XB XB - normal vision
