respiratory system Flashcards
what are the respiratory systems functions?
allows you to talk and smell.
warms air to match your body temperature
delivers oxygen to the cells in the body
removes waste gases inc c02
protects airways from harmful substances
what does the nasal cavity do?
an entry point for air.
what is the structure of the nasal cavity?
lined with mucous membranes and tiny hair like structures called cila.
what does cilia do in the nasal cavity?
helps filter, warm and humidify the air before it reaches the lungs.
after the nasal cavity where does air pass through?
the pharynx
what is the pharynx there for?
a pathway for both air and food
what does the pharynx connect to?
the nasal cavity and the mouth to the larynx
what is the larynx?
commonly known as the voice box. produces sound
where is the larynx located?
below the pharynx
what is the structure of the epiglottis?
a flap like structure, covers the entrance to the larynx during swallowing to prevent food or liquids from entering he respiratory tract.
what is the trachea?
tube like structure that extends from the layrnx and divides into main bronchi
what is the structure of the trachea?
c shaped rings of cartilage which helps to maintain its open structure and prevent collapse during breathing
what is the bronchi and bronchioles?
the main branches that arise from the trachea and lead to the lungs. then further divide into smaller bronchioles forming a branching network within the lungs
what is the alveoli?
tiny grape like sacs located at the ends of the bronchioles within the lungs. they are the primary sites of gas exchange
what is the structure of alveoli?
the wall of the alveoli are thin and surrounded by a dense network of cappilliaries.
what happens in the alveoli?
oxygen from inhaled air diffuses across the alveolar walls into the bloodstream. while carbon dioxide a waste product moves from the blood stream into the alveoli to be exhaled
what is the lungs and what does it do?
two organs that remove oxygen from the air and pass it into your blood. the lungs then delivers oxygen to all your organs and other tissues
what is the diaphragm and intercostal muscles?
a dome shaped muscle located beneath the lungs and the intercostal muscles have a crucial role in respiration
during inhaltion what happens to the diahragm and intercostal muscles?
the diaghram contracts and moves downwards. while the intercostal muscles expand the ribcage
during exhaltion what happens to the diahragm and intercostal muscles?
they relax allowing for the expulsion of air.
What does the respiartory system work with the cardiovascular doing?
they ensure the exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen between the lungs and body systems
what is the function of the lungs?
gas exchange, removing waste products, oxygenating the body’s cells, supports the body’s energy and PH balance
what conditions can cause inflammation, swelling and irritation to the respiratory system?
allergies, asthma, infection, disease, aging and damagge.
what is asthma?
a chronic long term disorder that causes inflammation in the airways. making breathing difficult
what are 2 types of respiratory infection and what happens?
the flu or cold. these can lead to pneumonia- inflammation. or bronchitis- inflammation of the bronchial tubes.
what respiratory diseases are there and what can they result?
include lung cancer and COPD. these can harm the respiratory ability to deliver oxygen throughout the body and filter waste gas.
when oxygen is inhaled where does it diffuse across?
the thin walls of the air sacs in the lungs alveoli.
what cells carry the oxygen to various tissues and organ in the body.
red blood cells.
what is cellar respiration
the chemical reaction for cellular respiration involves glucose and oxygen as inputs, and produces carbon dioxide, water, and energy (ATP) as outputs.
at the same time oxygen is being carried to the organs what is happening with co2?
its being diffused from the tissues into the cappilaries and transported back to the lungs to be exhaled.