renal system Flashcards
what does the urinary system work as?
the body filtration system to remove waste and toxins and comes out as wee.
what are the main organs in the urinary system?
two kidneys
two uterers
bladder
a urethera
what are the main functions of the renal system?
filteration, reabsorption, secreation, regulation of fluid and electrolyte balence, acid base balence, blood pressure regulation, production of erythropietin, vitamin d activation
how does the renal system maintain the balance of fluids?
by regulating the concentration of sodium, potassium and calcium by reabsorbing. this is essential for maintaining hydration.
how does the renal system keep a acid base balance?
by excreting hydrogen ions and rebabsorbing biacarbonate ions. this maintains the bodys ph
how does the renal system regulate blood pressure?
by controlling the volume of blood circulating in the body by adjusting the amount of water reabsorbed.
why does the renal system have the production of erythropoietn?
this stimulates the production of red blood cells in the bone marrow which helps maintain an adequate supply of oxygen carrying red blood cells.
why does the renal system activate vitamin d??
it is crucial for the absorption of calcium and phosphorus in the intestines which is necessary for healthy bones and teeth
what is the process of renal filteration?
blood flows to the kidneys,
filteration at the glomeruli,
filtrate formation,
reabsorption and secreation in the renal tubes.
what substances from the renal tubes get filtered back into the bloodstream?
glucose, amino acids and most of the filtered water.
what do the kidneys do?
they filter the blood and make wee which the body eliminates.
where are the kidneys located?
on either side of the back of your abdomen just below the rib cage.
hat does the ureters do?
2 thin tubes inside your pelvis carrying wee from your kidneys to the bladder.
what does the bladder do?
holds the wee until your ready to empty it.
it is hallow, made of muscle and shaped like a tringular balloon. your bladder expands as it fills up.
what is the urethra?
this tube carries wee from your bladder out of the body. you have 2 sphincter muscles that close of the urethra to keep wee in
how do you get a uti or sti?
this occurs when bacteria enters the uninary tract through the urethra. antibiotics are prescribed
what are kidney stones?
small masses that form when waste products clump together. kidney stones that move to your ureter can cause severe pain and block the flow of wee
what is intersititial cystitis?
painful bladder syndrome that causes inflammation in the bladder.
what are symptoms of urinary tract conditions?
changes in how you wee, changes in the wee, pain in the abdpminal region, fever muscle aches and general unwell feeling.
what is the size difference in men and females for the urethra length?
in males the urethra is much longer as it extends through the penis, it provides a pathway for semen and wee.
in women it is much shorter and opens just above the vaginal opening for urine.
what is the prostate gland?
in a male the prostrate gland secreates fluids that mix with sperm to form semen during ejaculation
is the bladder bigger in male or female and why?
males as it stores urine and seminal fluids
what do the 2 spinchters in the male body do in the bladder?
the internal sphincter which is involuntray and prevents semen from entering the bladder doing ejaculation and external sphincter which is voluntray and allows control over urinination
what do the pelvic floor muscles do in women?
help support the bladder and other pelvic organs. weaker pelvic floor muscles can contribute to conditions like urinary incontience
how do you keep your urinary system healthy?
stay hydrated, balanced diet, good hygiene, urinate when needed, safe sex, exercise, good bathroom habits, avoid smoking.
