muscular system Flashcards
what make up our muscles?
stretchy fibers
what different things do muscles play a role in?
breathing, speaking and swallowing,
digesting food and getting rid of waste,
moving sitting still and standing up straight,
pumping blood through the heart and blood vessels,
pushing a baby through birth,
seeing and hearing.
what system helps move your muscles voluntarily?
somatic nervous system
what systems help your muscles move involuntarily?
digestive system or cardiovascular
what are the 3 types of muscles?
skeletal, smooth and cardiac.
what are skeletal muscles?
they are attached to bones and responsible for voluntary movements.
what activities do skeletal muscles allow us to perform?
walking, running, lifting weights, and facial expressions.
they provide support, movement and posture
what are skeletal muscles attached to the bone by?
tendons
where are smooth muscles found?
in the walls of various organs and structures throughout the body.
is smooth muscles controlled by voluntary or involuntary movement?
involuntary.
what examples are smooth muscles used involuntary?
such as peristalisis (wave movements) in the digestive system
constriction or dilation of the blood vessels
movement of substances through the bladder, uterus and intestines.
what is the appearance of smooth muscles?
smooth or non striated.
contain a single nucleus per cell and arranged in sheets and layers.
controlled by the autonomic nervous system
where is cardiac muscle found?
in the heart
what is the cardiac muscle responsible for?
the continuous pumping that propels blood throughout the body
what is the appearance of cardiac muscles and how is it regulated
it is striped like skeletal muscles and it is involuntary regulated by the autonomic nervous system.
cardiac muscles have single nucleus but possess specialised structures called intercalated discs allowing for electrical signals to pass between the cardiac muscle cells coordinating contractions
what conditions affect the muscles?
cancer, cardiovascular disease, chronic pain disorders, genetic disorders, infections, injuries and medications
what do muscles work in coordination with?
bones, tendons and ligaments to enable movements
how do muscles work together to help posture and stability?
they prevent muscle imbalence and injuries by working with the spine pelvis and other skeletal structures for a upright position
how do muscles provide heart production?
when muscles contract they produce heat as a byproduct for energy metabolism. this heart is important for maintaining heat production
how do muscles provide protection and support?
for example the muscles of the abdominal wall protect the organs in the abdominal cavity while the muscles of the chest wall protect the lungs and heart.
muscles also provide support to the joints, preventing excessive stress or strain on the bone or ligaments
how do muscles play a role in regulating metabolism?
regular exercise and muscle building activities can help increase muscle mass which in turn can contribute to a higher metabolic rate. meaning muscles burn calories even at rest
how do muscles help with blood circulation?
smooth muscle found in the walls of blood vessels help regulate blood flow and blood pressure by constricting or dilatating the vessels. when smooth muscles contract, blood vessels narrow increasing resistance and blood pressurre
