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nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

what is the nervous system?

A

a complex network of specialized cells, tissues and organs that coordinates and control the functions of the body.

it is responsible for receiving sensory information, processing it and generating responses

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2
Q

what are the 2 divided main parts in the NS?

A

central nervous system
peripheral nervous system

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3
Q

what is the process of the nervous system?

A

nerves send electrical signals to and from other cells, glands and muscles.

these receive information then interpt it and control your response.

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4
Q

what are the specialized cells called that that send signals?

A

neurons

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5
Q

what are the 6 main points of the brain labelled as?

A

frontal lobe

parietal lobe

temporal lobe

occipital lobe

cerebellum

brainstem

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6
Q

what does the CNS consist of?

A

the brain and the spinal cord

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7
Q

what is the frontal lobe responsible for?

A

voluntary movement
expressive language
managing higher functions

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8
Q

what is the parietal lobe important for?

A

processes your sense of touch and assembles input from your other senses

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9
Q

what does the temporal lobe important for?

A

auditory information and encording of the memory

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10
Q

what is the occipital lobe important for?

A

visual pperception (colour, form and motion)

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11
Q

what is the cerebellum important for?

A

mortor movement regulation and balence control

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12
Q

what is the brainstem responsible for?

A

sends signals from the brain to the ret of the body. controlling subconscious functions like breathing and heart rate

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13
Q

what is the peripheral nervous system?

A

lies outside your brain and spinal cord.
sending information from the body back to the brain, as well as carrying out commands

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14
Q

what does the PNS divide into?

A

somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system

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15
Q

what is the somatic NS

A

responsible for voluntary movements and the relay of sensory information from the body to the CNS.

controlling skeletal muscles

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16
Q

what is the autonomic NS

A

regulates involuntary movements such as heart beats, digestion, respiration and glandular activity

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17
Q

what does the autonomic ns divide into?

A

sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions

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18
Q

what is the parasympathetic divisions

A

a network of nerves that relaxes your body after periods of stress or danger. It also helps run life-sustaining processes, like digestion, during times when you feel safe and relaxed.

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19
Q

what can happen if your nerve gets damaged or dies?

A

can cause numbness, pins and needles or pain. maybe impossible to move that area

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20
Q

what is the sympathetic divisions?

A

a network of nerves that helps your body activate its “fight-or-flight” response. This system’s activity increases when you’re stressed, in danger or physically active.

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21
Q

what are the different ways nerve damages can happen?

A

disease, stroke, accidental injury, pressure, toxic substances, aging proccess.

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22
Q

how can a stroke cause nerve injuries?

A

with a blockage or a bust in the brain with not enough blood part of the brain dies. and therefor cant send messages via nerves

23
Q

how can a accidental injury cause a nerve ending?

A

by it being crushed or cut in a car accident or a fall

24
Q

how does ageing cause nerve endings?

A

neruron signals may not travel as fast. feeling weaker and reflexes will slow down. loosing sensation in fingers and toes

25
Q

what is the SNS referred to?

A

fight or flight preparing it for emergency situations- stress or physical activity

26
Q

what is the parasympathetic ns referred as?

A

rest and digest. responsible for promoting relaxation, conserving and maintaining normal body functions during non stressful situation.

27
Q

what do sensory neurons do?

A

detect the stimuli. send the messages to the brain CNS

28
Q

what does the motor neuron do

A

carries from the central nervous system to the muscles for contraction.

29
Q

what do oligodenrocytes do?

A

form myelin sheath around the axons of the central nervous system

30
Q

what does the microglia do?

A

migrate through the central nervous system and phagocytose foreign and degenerated material

31
Q

what do astrocytes do?

A

help to regulate the external environment of the neurons in the central nervous system.
They perform metabolic, structural, homeostatic, and neuroprotective tasks such as clearing excess neurotransmitters, stabilizing and regulating the blood-brain barrier, and promoting synapse formation.

32
Q

what do ependymal cells do?

A

line the ventricles (cavities) of the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord

33
Q

what do schwann cells do?

A

form myelin sheaths around the peripheral axons

34
Q

what do satellite cells do?

A

support neuron cell bodies within the ganglia of the PNS

35
Q

what is the synapse?

A

the functional connection between a neuron and a second cell.
presynaptic- first neuron
postsynaptic- second neuron
electrical synapse- junction of electrical synapse- electrical potential passes through this.

36
Q

what is the 5 steps of neurotransmitters?

A

synthesis, storage, release, receptor binding and transmitter inactivation.

37
Q

what is the process of neurotransmitters?

A

released from synaptic vesicles in presynaptic neurons in response to neural activity, diffuse across the synaptic cleft, and bind specific receptors in order to bring about changes in postsynaptic neurons.

38
Q

what does the frontal lobe do?

A

voluntary motor control of skeletal muscles. intellectual processes, verbal communication

39
Q

what does the parietal lobe do?

A

processing and interpreting somatosensory input. inform us about objects in our external enviorment through touch

39
Q

what does the temporal lobe do?

A

interpretation of auditory sensations

40
Q

what does the occipital lobe do?

A

visual processing area of the brain. it is associated with visuospatial processing distance and depth perception, color determination and memory formation.

41
Q

what does the insula lobe do?

A

memory, sensory and visceral integration

42
Q

what part of the brain deals with aggression?

A

amygdala

43
Q

what part of the brain deals with fear?

A

amygdala and hypothalamus

44
Q

what part of the brain deals with feeding?

A

hypothalamus

45
Q

what type of the brain deals with sex?

A

hypothalamus and limbic system

46
Q

what is included in the limbic system?

A

cingulate gyrus,
thalamus,
hypthalamus,
amygdala,
hippocampus

47
Q

what is the role of the cerebellum?

A

motor learning and for coordinating the movement of different joints during a movement. It is also required for the proper timing and force required for limb movements.

48
Q

what is the role of the spinal cord?

A

serves as a gap between the brain and the peripheral. Pathway for nerves to go the brain from the body and vice versa.

49
Q

what is the role of the limbic system?

A

The limbic system is a group of structures in your brain that regulate your emotions, behavior, motivation and memory. While small in size, your limbic system has a big job to help you interact with the world around you

50
Q

what does the hypothalamus do?

A

The hypothalamus produces hormones, helps you sleep, and manages your mood, hunger and thirst, sexual arousal, blood pressure, body temperature and heart rate.

51
Q

what does the amygdala do?

A

The amygdala plays a role in how you experience emotions and feelings (like anxiety, anger and fear), memory and social interpretations (information about others).

52
Q

what does the thalamus do?

A

The thalamus processes sensory information (hearing, taste, sight and touch) and helps with memory, planning and emotions

53
Q

what does the hippocampus do?

A

Your hippocampus is responsible for your ability to form new memories.

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