Respiratory System

Question 1

ventilation

Answer 1

air movement in and out of lungs

Question 2

oxygenation

Answer 2

oxygen in bloodstream

Question 3

perfusion

Answer 3

oxygen in the tissues

Question 4

what would cause a high pressure ventilator alarm

Answer 4

client coughing
gaging
bronchospasm
fighting the ventilator
occlusion
kink
increased secretions
thick secretions
water in ventilator circuit

Question 5

what would cause a low pressure ventilator alarm

Answer 5

disconnected tubing
loose connection
leak
extubation
cuff is deflated
poorly fitting mask

Question 6

what kind of med is albuterol

Answer 6

beta 2 agonist, bronchodilator

Question 7

what kind of med is terbutaline

Answer 7

selective beta 2 agonist

Question 8

MOA of terbutaline

Answer 8

bronchodilation
blocks release of mast cells

*also a tocolytic

Question 9

what kind of med is guaifenesin

Answer 9

expectorant

Question 10

what type of meds are pseudoephedrine and phenylephrine

Answer 10

decongestants

Question 11

what are two antitussives

Answer 11

dextromethrophan
codeine

Question 12

what is acetylcystine used for?

Answer 12

acetaminophen overdose
mucolytic

Question 13

do histamine 1 or 2 blockers impact production of stomach acid

Answer 13

H2
famotidine, rantidine

Question 14

what kind of med is diphenydramine

Answer 14

benadryl, antihistamine (H1 blocker antagonist)

Question 15

which 3 diseases fall under COPD

Answer 15

emphysema
chronic bronchitis
asthma

Question 16

asthma triggers (ASTHMA)

Answer 16

allergens
sport/smoking
temp change
hazards
microbes
anxiety

Question 17

nursing interventions for asthma (ASTHMA)

Answer 17

adrenergic agonists (albuterol)
steroids - dexmethasone
theophylline (bronchodilator)
hydration via IV fluids
mask for oxygen
anticholinergics - ipatropium

Question 18

what are 2 inhaled corticosteroids for asthma

Answer 18

budesonide
fluticasone

long term, take daily

Question 19

what is pneumonia?

Answer 19

inflammation of lung affecting alveoli - become filled with pus and liquid

Question 20

what will a chest x ray look like for pt with pneumonia

Answer 20

patchy infiltrates

Question 21

assessment findings of pneumonia

Answer 21

fever
cough
tachypnea
crackles
chest pain
increased work of breathing

Question 22

what precautions do you use for pneumonia

Answer 22

usually droplet

if aspiration -its not infectious, use standard

Question 23

what is ARDS

Answer 23

Considered a complex syndrome
Inflammatory lung injury resulting in HYPOXEMIA
Many different causes but all involve some sort of direct or indirect injury to the lung

Question 24

3 pathophys hallmarks of ARDs:

Answer 24

Change in lung vascular tissue
Increase in lung edema
Impaired gas exchange

Question 25

how to treat tension pneumothorax

Answer 25

needle decompression
chest tube

Question 26

what position do you use for air embolism

Answer 26

durant’s maneuver: left lateral trendelenburg
to trap air in right side of heart

Question 27

what is tidal volume

Answer 27

amount of air inhaled during one respiration

Question 28

what is PEEP

Answer 28

positive end expiratory pressure

amount of pressure in aleveoli at end of expiration

Question 29

what is CPAP

Answer 29

least invasive
continuous pressure
patient is breathing on their own

Question 30

AE of PEEP

Answer 30

hypotension

Question 31

how does PEEP cause hypotension

Answer 31

Impedes venous return → decreases CO, decreases BP
Can cause decreased circulatory flow
Can cause hypotension