Respiratory System Flashcards
ventilation
air movement in and out of lungs
oxygenation
oxygen in bloodstream
perfusion
oxygen in the tissues
what would cause a high pressure ventilator alarm
client coughing
gaging
bronchospasm
fighting the ventilator
occlusion
kink
increased secretions
thick secretions
water in ventilator circuit
what would cause a low pressure ventilator alarm
disconnected tubing
loose connection
leak
extubation
cuff is deflated
poorly fitting mask
what kind of med is albuterol
beta 2 agonist, bronchodilator
what kind of med is terbutaline
selective beta 2 agonist
MOA of terbutaline
bronchodilation
blocks release of mast cells
*also a tocolytic
what kind of med is guaifenesin
expectorant
what type of meds are pseudoephedrine and phenylephrine
decongestants
what are two antitussives
dextromethrophan
codeine
what is acetylcystine used for?
acetaminophen overdose
mucolytic
do histamine 1 or 2 blockers impact production of stomach acid
H2
famotidine, rantidine
what kind of med is diphenydramine
benadryl, antihistamine (H1 blocker antagonist)
which 3 diseases fall under COPD
emphysema
chronic bronchitis
asthma
asthma triggers (ASTHMA)
allergens
sport/smoking
temp change
hazards
microbes
anxiety
nursing interventions for asthma (ASTHMA)
adrenergic agonists (albuterol)
steroids - dexmethasone
theophylline (bronchodilator)
hydration via IV fluids
mask for oxygen
anticholinergics - ipatropium
what are 2 inhaled corticosteroids for asthma
budesonide
fluticasone
long term, take daily
what is pneumonia?
inflammation of lung affecting alveoli - become filled with pus and liquid
what will a chest x ray look like for pt with pneumonia
patchy infiltrates
assessment findings of pneumonia
fever
cough
tachypnea
crackles
chest pain
increased work of breathing
what precautions do you use for pneumonia
usually droplet
if aspiration -its not infectious, use standard
what is ARDS
Considered a complex syndrome
Inflammatory lung injury resulting in HYPOXEMIA
Many different causes but all involve some sort of direct or indirect injury to the lung
3 pathophys hallmarks of ARDs:
Change in lung vascular tissue
Increase in lung edema
Impaired gas exchange
how to treat tension pneumothorax
needle decompression
chest tube
what position do you use for air embolism
durant’s maneuver: left lateral trendelenburg
to trap air in right side of heart
what is tidal volume
amount of air inhaled during one respiration
what is PEEP
positive end expiratory pressure
amount of pressure in aleveoli at end of expiration
what is CPAP
least invasive
continuous pressure
patient is breathing on their own
AE of PEEP
hypotension
how does PEEP cause hypotension
Impedes venous return → decreases CO, decreases BP
Can cause decreased circulatory flow
Can cause hypotension
