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NCLEX Prep > Pediatrics > Flashcards

Pediatrics Flashcards

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1
Q

APGAR

A

appearance

pulse

grimace

activity

respiration

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2
Q

when does anterior fontanelle close

A

6-18 mos

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3
Q

when does posterior fontanelle close

A

2 months

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4
Q

unconjugated bilirubin

A

heme that is released from hemoglobin during RBC breakdown
transported to liver

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5
Q

conjugated bilirubin

A

converted in the liver and excreted in the stool

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6
Q

physiological jaundice: when does it occur

A

2-3 days
normal

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7
Q

pathologic jaundice

A

occurs within first 24 hours of life
indicates issue

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8
Q

what is kernicterus

A

type of brain damage due to high levels of bilirubin in the blood

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9
Q

what is the foramen ovale

A

opening b/w atria in utero

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10
Q

atresia

A

does not develop

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11
Q

what side of the heart has higher pressure

A

left usually

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12
Q

right to left shunt: cyanotic or acynaotic

A

cyanotic
deoxygenated blood getting out to the body

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13
Q

what does left to right shunt cause

A

increased pulmonary blood flow
no cyanosis

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14
Q

tx for PDA

A

indomethacin
ibuporfen
surgery

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15
Q

what would you provide if you wanted to keep PDA open

A

alprostadil

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16
Q

what kind of shunting are VSD and ASD

A

left to right
acyanotic

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17
Q

what kind of defect is tetralogy of fallot

A

cyanotic
R to left shunting

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18
Q

what are the four defects in TOF

A

VSD
pulmonary stenosis
right ventricular hypertrophy
overriding aorta

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19
Q

tet spell interventions

A

comfort and calm

knee to chest

o2

morphine

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20
Q

what is transposition of the great arteries

A

aorta and pulmonary valve are switched

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21
Q

signs of tranposition of great arteries

A

cyanosis within 1 hour

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22
Q

hypoplastic left heart syndrome

A

left sided structures didn’t develop normal - small, hypoplastic or atresia

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23
Q

what keeps the ductus arteriosus open

A

prostaglandins

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24
Q

surgery for hypoplastic left heart syndrome

A

norwood at birth
glenn at 2 months
fontan at 2 years

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25
Q

coarctatoin of the aorta

A

narrowing of the aorta
impedes blood flow to lower half of body

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26
Q

4 ds of epiglottitis

A

dysphonia
dysphagia
drooling
distress

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27
Q

what vaccine has been shown to decrease epiglottitis

A

hib

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28
Q

should you assess throat for patient with epiglottitis

A

no

29
Q

what would present with a bark like, seal like, cough and stridor

A

croup

30
Q

is croup viral or bacterial

A

viral

31
Q

how can you treat inflammation in airway

A

corticosteroids
epi via nebulizer “racemic”

32
Q

one of the first signs of CF?

A

meconium ileus

33
Q

diet for CF

A

high calorie and high protein

34
Q

when do you give enzymes to CF paitnets

A

within 30 minutes of every meal or snack

35
Q

what is meningocele

A

closed spina bifida
protrusion of spinal fluid filled meninges through a vertebral defect

36
Q

what is a myelomeningocele

A

opoen spina bifida
protrustion of a spinal fluid filled meninges and spinal cord through a vertebral defect

37
Q

can babies with spina bifida sleep on their back

A

no need to be prone

38
Q

what do you cover the opening with for spina bifida patients

A

moist, warm, sterile dressing

39
Q
A
40
Q

Causes of microcephaly

A

CMV
Rubella
Varicella
Zika

41
Q

How do you postiion clef palate patients

A

Prone to help drain secretions

42
Q

How do you position cleft lip patients

A

Not prone - might disturb suture line

43
Q

Esophageal atresia: assessment findings

A

Chocking
Coughing
Cyanosis

44
Q

What are the assessment findings in pyloric stenosis

A

Projectile vomiting right after feeding, nonbilious
Dehydration
Malnutrition
Palpable olive shaped mass

45
Q

What is an omphalocele?

A

Congenital abnormality where abdominal contents protrude through umbilicus while remaining in the peritoneal sac

46
Q

When is omphalocele diagnosed

A

Prenatal
By ultrasound

47
Q

What is pre op mgmt for an omphalocele

A

Keep the exposed intestines moist
Cover with sterile gauze soaked in saline
Fluids, antibiotics
Thermoregulation1

48
Q

intussuception

A

one part of intestine slips into another

49
Q

signs of intussception

A

red currant jelly stools
sausage shaped mass in abdomen
n/v
green, bilious emesis

50
Q

hirschspurngs

A

congenital aganglionic megacolon
no peristalsis w/o neurons
no stool causes megacolon

51
Q

what type of genetic disorder is sickle cell

A

AR

52
Q

tx for SCD

A

iv fluids
blood transfusion
oxygen
medications for pain

53
Q

what is kawasaki disease

A

acute systemic vasculitis

54
Q

strawberry tongue is a finding of what

A

kawasaki disease

55
Q

treatment for kawasaki disease

A

aspirin
IVIG

56
Q

what triggers reye syndrome

A

viral illness leadiing to acute encelphalopahty
and aspirin use during illness

57
Q

how do you diagnose reye syndrome

A

liver biopsy due to fatty changes in liver

58
Q

what do you need to do before PKU screenings

A

make sure they have eaten

59
Q

3 fractures more common in kids

A

bowing
torus/buckle
greenstick

60
Q

rickets: which vitamin is deficient

A

D

61
Q

what assessment finding is associated with rickets

A

bow legs
pain in legs, pelvis, spine

62
Q

tests for developmental dysplasia of the hip

A

barlow
ortolani (helps confirm barlow, abduction)

63
Q

treatments for DDH

A

pavlik harness
spica body cast
surgery

64
Q

osteomalacia imperfecta

A

brIttle bone disease
defect in gene making collage

65
Q

IMPETIGO assessment

A

weeping lesion with a honey colored crust

bacterial

66
Q

what chart is used for burns in kids

A

lund and browder chart

67
Q

over what % TBSA are pediatrics needing emergency fluid replacement

A

10%

68
Q

parkland burn formula for pediatrics

A

3ml x TBSA x kg = LR to be administered over 24 hours

69
Q
A

NCLEX Prep (20 decks)

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