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NCLEX Prep > GI System > Flashcards

GI System Flashcards

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1
Q

role of small intestine

A

receiving digestive enzymes from pancreas and liver

churn and mix food making it into chyme

absorb nutrients

move food into colon

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2
Q

where is bile produced

A

liver

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3
Q

where is bile stored

A

gallbladder

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4
Q

what is the role of bile?

A

emulsifies lipids so they can be absorbed

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5
Q

wha tare the digestive enzymes created by the pancrease

A

trypsin - break down proteins
amylase - break down carbs
lipase - break down lipids

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6
Q

function of colon/large intestine (3)

A

absorbing water and electrolytes

producing and absorbing vitamins

forming and propelling feces towards rectum for elimination

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7
Q

what are 3 things the liver produces

A

bile
albumin
cholesterol

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8
Q

which organ converts ammonia to urea

A

liver

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9
Q

what organ metabolizes bilirubin

A

liver

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10
Q

if you run out of TPN, what do you give?

A

dextrose 10% at same rate as TPN

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11
Q

what is docusate

A

stool softener

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12
Q

what is polyethylene glycol

A

miralax
laxative

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13
Q

3 antidiarrhelas

A

loperamide
diphenoxylate
bismuth subsalicylate (pepto bismol)

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14
Q

3 antiemetics

A

ondansetron (zofran)
promethazine
meclizine

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15
Q

how do you administer ondansetron and why?

A

administer slowly
fast push can cause QT prolongation and VT

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16
Q

what kind of drug is famotidine

A

h2 receptor blocker
pepcid

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17
Q

what kind of drug is omeprazole

A

ppi

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18
Q

how do h2 receptor blockers work

A

block histamine binding with receptors in mucosal parietal cells –> decreases acid secretion

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19
Q

can h2 receptors be taken with meals?

A

yes

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20
Q

how do PPIs work

A

prevent transport of H ions into gastric lumen - bind to gastric parietal cells to decrease acid production

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21
Q

what are 2 nursing considerations for omeprazole

A

take 30-60 mins before meals
report black, tarry stools

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22
Q

what drug promotes healing of ulcers by providing a barrier over them

A

sucralfate

23
Q

how does sucralfate interact with other drugs

A

can decrease bioavailability of warfarin, digoxin, phenytoin, levothyroxine and some antibiotics
separate drugs for at least 2 hours!

24
Q

s/s of gastric ulcers

A

pain 1-2 hours after meal
aggravated by eating
vomiting
weight loss
hematemesis

25
Q

s/s of duodenal ulcers

A

pain 2-4 hours after meals
food might relieve pain
weight gain
melena if hemorrhage occurs

26
Q

where is crohn’s disease

A

ileum and anywhere throughout small and large intestines
can occur anywhere from mouth to anus
skip lesions

27
Q

where is ulcerative colitis

A

large intestine

28
Q

diverticula

A

herniation of mucosa through muscle layers of the colon wall

29
Q

diverticulosis

A

asymptomatic diverticular disease

30
Q

diverticulitis

A

inflammatory stage of diverticulosis

31
Q

possible causes of diverticular disease

A

decreased fiber
abnormal neuromuscular function
alterations in motility
> 60 years

32
Q

what kind of diet do you want for diverticular, crohns and UC

A

low fiber
avoid cold or hot foods
no smoking

33
Q

what are bowel mvmts going to look like with ileostomy

A

very liquid

34
Q

what are bowel mvmts going to look like with colostomy

A

more solid
going through colon, patient can absorb water

35
Q

what is mcburney’s sign

A

pain during palpation to RLQ
seen with appendicitis

36
Q

what position is comfortable for appendictis

A

position right side
low fowlers

37
Q

what is the number 1 cause of pancreatitis

A

alcoholism

38
Q

pathophy of pancreatitis?

A

digestive enzymes activate inside pancreas and auto digestion starts

39
Q

s/s of pancreatitis

A

pain increased with eating
distension
ascites
rigid abdomen
Cullen’s sign
Grey turner’s sign
fever
n/v
jaundice
hypotension

40
Q

nursing intervetnions for pancreatitis (PANCREAS)

A

pain control
antispasmodics
NPO/NGT - pancreatic rest
calcium replacement d/t hypocalcemia
replace fluids and electrolytes
elevated enzymes (check amylase and lipase)
antibiotics with fever
steroids

41
Q

what are 2 causes of cholelithiasis

A

hyperlipidemia
hyperbilirubinemia

42
Q

signs of cholelithiasis (gallstones)

A

RUQ sudden sharp pain that radiates to shoulder blades or right shoulder

worse at night or after a fatty meal

N/V

43
Q

which hepatitis are fecal oral

A

A & E
*no risk of chronic infection

44
Q

which hepatitis are due to infected body fluids

A

B,C, & D

45
Q

which hepatitis is common with iv drug use or non-sterilized medical equipment

A

hep C

46
Q

which hepatitis is common with infected body fluids like blood or semen

A

hep B

47
Q

which hepatitis have vaccinations

A

A&B

48
Q

s/s of increasing ammonia

A

changes in LOC

neuromuscular disturbances

fetor (distinctive musty or sweet breath odor)

sleep, mood and speech issues

49
Q

tx to decrease ammonia

A

lactulose

antibiotics (neomycin or rifaximin)

decrease protein in diet

monitor serum ammonia

decrease fluid retention (k sparing)

avoid CNS depressants (benzos and opioids)

50
Q

5 s/s of cirrhosis

A

palpable firm liver

ascites & edema d/t decrease albumin

abdominal pain, bloating, poor appetite

spider angiomas

jaundice

51
Q

what would lab values look like with cirrhosis

A

decrease albumin

increased AST and ALT

52
Q

what diet for pts with cirrhosis

A

low protein, low sodium

53
Q
A

NCLEX Prep (20 decks)

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