Renal System Flashcards
what are 3 things produced by the renal system
bicarbonate
EPO
activates vit D
what are common Ca and Phos levels in renal disease
hypocalcemia (can’t activate vit D)
hyperphosphatemia
why do people with renal disease have metabolic acidosis
kidneys can’t produce bicarb
what 3 things happen when aldosterone is secreted
sodium retention
water retention
potassium excretion
what medication can cause dry cough and should tell you the med should be discontinued
ACE inhibitors
where do thiazide diuretics act
DCT
can collecting a urine sample be delegated to LPN or UAP
yes
but RN has to take from foley
UTI assessment findings
dark colored or cloudy urine
pain or burning while urinating
hematuria
strong or foul smelling urine
pain in pelvis
increased urinary urgency/frequency
what is the number 1 cause of glomerulonephritis
infection
usually strep
diet for glomerulonephritis
decreased protein
decreased sodium to decrease BP and edema
increased carbs to compensate for decreased protein
what is nephrotic syndrome
a kidney disorder that causes your body to pass too much protein in your urine
leads to hypoalbuminemia causing third spacing
what can cause nephrotic syndrome
infection
NSAIDS
cancer
lupus
diabetes
strep
inflammation
what diet do you want in nephrotic syndrome
high protein
low sodium
assessment findings for nephrotic syndrome
anascara (widespread edema)
blood clots & high cholesterol because liver senses hypoalbuminemia and starts making more albumin, clotting factors, and cholesterol
is hematuria an expected finding in glomerulonephritis
yes
what are 4 phases of acute kidney injury
onset phase
oliguric phase
diuretic phase
recovery phase
onset phase of AKI
injury occurs
UOP decreases
hours to days
oliguric phase AKI
decreased UOP
fluid volume overload
10-14 days
diuretic phase AKI
kidneys regain ability excrete waste but can’t concentrate urine
leads to massive amounts of dilute urine causing hypovolemia or hypotension
1-3 weeks
2 major causes of CKD
what do we want the GFR to be
> 90
what electrolyte imbalances will you have in end stage renal failure
sodium and water retention
hyperkalemia
metabolic acidosis
hypocalcemia –> leading to hyperphosphatemia secondary hyperparathyroidism causing osteoporosis
uremia
CKD diet
low sodium d/t retaining a lot of fluid
low phos
low potassium
low protein
what should peritoneal dialysis drainage look like
clear
not cloudy!
if all of the dialysate does not come out from peritoneal dialysis, what should the nurse do
turn patient side to side
