Endocrine System Flashcards
where are steroids produced
adrenal cortex
how do glucocorticoids impact insulin
inhibits insulin
increases blood glucose levels
what hormones are produced in the adrenal medulla
catecholamines
where is ADH secreted from
pituitary gland
what does ADH do
causes anti-diuresis
sodium and water is retained
aka vasopressin
what does PTH do
causes calcium to be pulled out of the bones and into the blood
increase in serum calcium
what is calcitonin
released from thyroid gland when serum calcium levels increase
inhibits osteoclasts to stop releasing calcium into blood
protects against hypercalcemia
normal blood glucose levels
70-110
what does glucagon do
causes glycogenolysis in the liver
glycogen becomes glucose
released when BG is too low
what is methimazole?
antithyroid medication
stops producing of t3 and t4
what are bisphosphonates and examples
decrease serum calcium
alendronate and risedronate
what are generic names of rapid acting insulin
aspart
lispro
is regular insulin short acting, rapid acting or intermediate?
short-acting
what insulin can you give IV
regular (short-acting)
which insulin is cloudy
NPH, intermediate acting
mixing insulin instructions
draw up air
inject air into NPH (cloudy) vial
inject air into regular (clear) vial
draw up regular insulin
draw up NPH
how is glucagon delivered
IM
will increase BG
what kind of medication is metformin
biguanide
metformin MOA
- decreases glucose production by liver and 2. decrease GI glucose absorption and 3. increases cell sensitivity to insulin
which clients would you not give metformin to?
clients with renal or hepatic impairment
IV contrast
what will sodium and potassium levels be in pt with addison’s disease
hyponatremic
hyperkalemic
what is the priority in adrenal crisis
shock
need to give IV fluids
which fluid are you giving to someone in addison crisis
normal saline
tx for DI (4)
monitor neuro status
monitor hourly urine output
replace volume
vasopressin
in SIADH, are water and sodium retained?
just water
s/s of SIADH
weight gain
anorexia
N/V
NO peripheral edema
low serum sodium
what are T3, T4, and TSH levels in hypothyroidism
low T3, low T4
high TSH
s/s of hypothyroidism
everything is slow
slow heart beat
poor appetite
weight gain
slow GI - constipation
intolerant of cold
dry and coarse skin
infertility
what disease is an autoimmune disease with antibodies attacking the thyroid
graves
s/s of graves
sweater
goiter
exophthalmos
tachycardia
nausea
muscle weakness
tremor
headache
hungry
goiter
thyroid storm signs
high fever
high HR
palpitations
chest pain
SOB
tx for hyperthyroidism
methimazole
iodine compounds
radioactive iodine therapy
thyroidectomy
what does Calcium act like
a sedative
what type of breathing do you see with DKA
kussmaul - to blow off CO2
which is more sudden onset: DKA or HHS
DKA
is HHS more common with type 1or type 2 diabetes
type 2
s/s of hypoglycemia (TIRED)
tachycardia
irritability
restlessness
excessive hunger
diaphoresis
how do you treat hypoglycemia?
snack - 15 grams of carbs
wait 15 minutes and check BG
if less than 70, eat another 15 grams of carbs
if patient with hypoglycemia is unconscious, what do you do?
push D50W or IM glucagon
