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NCLEX Prep > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

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1
Q

where are steroids produced

A

adrenal cortex

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2
Q

how do glucocorticoids impact insulin

A

inhibits insulin
increases blood glucose levels

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3
Q

what hormones are produced in the adrenal medulla

A

catecholamines

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4
Q

where is ADH secreted from

A

pituitary gland

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5
Q

what does ADH do

A

causes anti-diuresis
sodium and water is retained
aka vasopressin

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6
Q

what does PTH do

A

causes calcium to be pulled out of the bones and into the blood
increase in serum calcium

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7
Q

what is calcitonin

A

released from thyroid gland when serum calcium levels increase
inhibits osteoclasts to stop releasing calcium into blood

protects against hypercalcemia

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8
Q

normal blood glucose levels

A

70-110

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9
Q

what does glucagon do

A

causes glycogenolysis in the liver
glycogen becomes glucose
released when BG is too low

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10
Q

what is methimazole?

A

antithyroid medication
stops producing of t3 and t4

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11
Q

what are bisphosphonates and examples

A

decrease serum calcium
alendronate and risedronate

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12
Q

what are generic names of rapid acting insulin

A

aspart
lispro

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13
Q

is regular insulin short acting, rapid acting or intermediate?

A

short-acting

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14
Q

what insulin can you give IV

A

regular (short-acting)

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15
Q

which insulin is cloudy

A

NPH, intermediate acting

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16
Q

mixing insulin instructions

A

draw up air
inject air into NPH (cloudy) vial
inject air into regular (clear) vial
draw up regular insulin
draw up NPH

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17
Q

how is glucagon delivered

A

IM
will increase BG

18
Q

what kind of medication is metformin

A

biguanide

19
Q

metformin MOA

A
  1. decreases glucose production by liver and 2. decrease GI glucose absorption and 3. increases cell sensitivity to insulin
20
Q

which clients would you not give metformin to?

A

clients with renal or hepatic impairment
IV contrast

21
Q

what will sodium and potassium levels be in pt with addison’s disease

A

hyponatremic
hyperkalemic

22
Q

what is the priority in adrenal crisis

A

shock
need to give IV fluids

23
Q

which fluid are you giving to someone in addison crisis

A

normal saline

24
Q

tx for DI (4)

A

monitor neuro status
monitor hourly urine output
replace volume
vasopressin

25
Q

in SIADH, are water and sodium retained?

A

just water

26
Q

s/s of SIADH

A

weight gain
anorexia
N/V
NO peripheral edema
low serum sodium

27
Q

what are T3, T4, and TSH levels in hypothyroidism

A

low T3, low T4
high TSH

28
Q

s/s of hypothyroidism

A

everything is slow
slow heart beat
poor appetite
weight gain
slow GI - constipation
intolerant of cold
dry and coarse skin
infertility

29
Q

what disease is an autoimmune disease with antibodies attacking the thyroid

A

graves

30
Q

s/s of graves

A

sweater
goiter
exophthalmos
tachycardia
nausea
muscle weakness
tremor
headache
hungry
goiter

31
Q

thyroid storm signs

A

high fever
high HR
palpitations
chest pain
SOB

32
Q

tx for hyperthyroidism

A

methimazole
iodine compounds
radioactive iodine therapy
thyroidectomy

33
Q

what does Calcium act like

A

a sedative

34
Q

what type of breathing do you see with DKA

A

kussmaul - to blow off CO2

35
Q

which is more sudden onset: DKA or HHS

A

DKA

36
Q

is HHS more common with type 1or type 2 diabetes

A

type 2

37
Q

s/s of hypoglycemia (TIRED)

A

tachycardia
irritability
restlessness
excessive hunger
diaphoresis

38
Q

how do you treat hypoglycemia?

A

snack - 15 grams of carbs
wait 15 minutes and check BG
if less than 70, eat another 15 grams of carbs

39
Q

if patient with hypoglycemia is unconscious, what do you do?

A

push D50W or IM glucagon

40
Q
A

NCLEX Prep (20 decks)

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