Respiratory System Flashcards
germ layer origin
- the lungs
structural origin
- foregut = respiratory
- diverticulum = lung buds
what forms in Wk3-4 that is involved in the resp system?
- tracheosophogeal ridges
what does the tracheosophogeal ridge do?
- connects trachea with the forgut
what is a fistula?
- abnormal connection between two body parts
what is a tracheoesophogeal fistula?
- abnormal connection between trachea and oseophogus
- incorrect ‘pinching’ of the trachesophogeal ridge
what do the lung buds go on to form?
- bronchial bud, growing into surrounding tissue (pleura)
- comprised of surrounding LP mesoderm
At which week will a baby be viable due to lung maturation point?
- 26 weeks
lung maturation periods (4)
- pseudo glandular - 5-16wks
continued branching, formation of terminal bronchioles; no resp. broncioles or alveoli present yet - canalicular - 16-26wks
terminal bronchioles divide into resp. bronchioles -> alveolar ducts - terminal sacs - 26wks-birth
terminal sacs form, capillaries establish close contact - alveolar - 32wk -childhood
alveoli mature
the lungs are ___ to the heart
- lateral
diaphragm is ___ to the lung
- inferior
the apex of the lungs protrudes above the _____
- first rib (thoracic outlet)
the inferior surface of the lung rests on the ____
- diaphragm
4 main functions of the thoracic cage
- support
- protection
- resistance
- attachment site
what is the primary muscle used in resp?
- diaphragm
what shape is the diaphragm?
- dome
why is the diaphragm higher on the right hand side?
- because of the liver being underneath
what nerve supplies the diaphragm?
phrenic nerve
nerve roots to the diaphragm
- C3, C4, C5 in the neck
what does the diaphragm seperate?
- the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity
important structures passing through the diaphragm (3)
- inferior vena cava
- oesophagus
- aorta
what does the diaphragm do in inhalation and exhalation?
- inhalation - contracts and flattens
- exhalation - relaxes and returns to original shape
which three thin layers of muscle support the diaphragm during respiration?
- external
- internal
- innermost
intercostal muscles
what type of tissue is in the pleura?
- 2 layers of simple squamous epithelium and connective tissue
what is parietal pleura?
- outermost layer of pleura
- attaches to inside of ribs laterally and diaphragm inferiorly
what is the visceral pleura?
- inner layer of pleura that attaches to the outside surface of the lungs
atmospheric vs intrapleural vs intrapulmonary pressures
760mmHg
756mmHg
761mmHg (+1)
right lung medial features (4)
- lung hilum
- pulmonary artery
- pulmonary vein
- pulmonary bronchi
left lung medial features? (4)
- lung hilum
- pulmonary artery
- pulmonary vein
- primary bronchi
what is in the upper respiratory tract?
- nasal cavity
- pharynx
- larynx
