Musculoskeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

bones of the upper limb (8)

A
  • shoulder girdle - scapula, clavicle
  • arm - humerus
  • forearm - radius, ulna
  • hand - carpal bones, metacarpals, phalanges
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what does the clavicle connect?

A
  • upper limb to trunk
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what does the clavicle articulate with? (3)

A
  • manubrium of the sternum
  • acromion of the scapula
  • radius and ulna at the elbow joint
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what type of bone is the clavicle?

A
  • curved long bone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what does the scapula articulate?

A
  • clavicle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

where does the glenoid cavity in the scapula articulate?

A
  • head of the humerous (glenohumeral joint)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what type of bone is the scapula and what ribs does it overlies?

A
  • flat bone
  • overlies ribs 2-7
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what range of movement does the scapula have?

A
  • considerable
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Types of movements of the pectoral girdle (5)

A
  • retraction
  • protraction
  • elevation
  • depression
  • upward rotation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the largest bone in the upper limb?

A
  • humerous
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what does the humerous articulate with?

A
  • scapula at the glenoid fossa
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what type of bone is the humerous

A
  • long bone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what type of joint is the shoulder joint?

A

ball and socket joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

movement at the shoulder joint

A
  • flexion, extension
  • medial rotation, lateral rotation
  • abduction, adduction
  • circumduction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what and where is the ulna? (3)

A
  • medial
  • longer than radius
  • stabilising bone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what type of bone is the radius?

A
  • long bone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what do the radius and ulna articulate with? (3)

A
  • each other
  • humerous
  • carpal bone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

movements of the elbow

A
  • extension
  • flexion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

where is the elbow?

A
  • proximal end of the ulna
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

movement of the ulna and radius (2)

A
  • head of radius rotates within a ligament ‘collar’ at radial notch of ulna
  • supination and pronation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

different types of joints (4)

A
  • hinge
  • pivot
  • saddle
  • ball and socket
22
Q

why are ligaments important? (3)

A
  • stability
  • strength
  • reinforces/strengthens joint capsules
23
Q

ligaments in elbow (2)

A
  • annular ligaments - hold radial head in place, important for motions of pronation and supination
  • collateral ligaments - connects radius/ulna with humerous
24
Q

nerve supply to the upper limb (2)

A
  • brachial plexus - supplies skin and muscularature of upper limb (C5, C6, C7, C8, T1)
  • terminal branches - musuloctaneous nerve, axillary nerve, radial nerve, median nerve, ulnar nerve
25
what is the axilla?
- armpit
26
where is the brachial plexus located?
- axilla
27
where is the axilla?
- inferiomedial to the glenohumeral joint
28
what is in the axilla? (4)
- brachial plexus - axillary artery & vein - lymph nodes - muscle tendons
29
compartments of the upper limb
- anterior - pronation compartment - posterior - supination compartment
30
movements from the anterior compartment
- flexion - at the elbow, wrist, digits - abduction and adduction at the wrist - pronation of the forearm
31
movements from the posterior compartment
- extension - at the elbow, wrist, digits - abduction and adduction at the wrist - supination of the forearm
32
what muscles are in the anterior compartment? (3)
- arm - biceps brachi - forearm - flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor carpi radialis
33
nerve supply to anterior compartment (3)
- arm - musculocutaneous nerve - forearm - median nerve and ulnar nerve
34
movements posterior compartment
- extension - at the elbow wrist and digits - abduction and adduction of the wrist - supination of the forearm
35
what muscles are in the posterior compartment?
- arm - triceps - forearm - extensor carpi ulnaris, extensor carpi radialis brevis and longus
36
functions of the skeleton (5)
- support - protection - movement - mineral storage - haematopoiesis
37
how many bones are in newborn skeleton?
>300
38
how many bones in mature adult skeleton?
- 206
39
why is the number of bones in newborn and adult skeleton different?
- newborn skeleton comprised mostly of cartilage with some small bony segments that eventually fuse together to form a single bone
40
4 main classification of bones
- long - short - irregular - flat
41
structure of a long bone (4)
- epiphysis (head) - diaphysis (shaft) - epiphysis - nutrient foramina
42
internal long bone structre (4)
- spongy bone - medullary cavity - periosteum - compact bone
43
cross section of long bone
- tubercle - compact and spongy bone - groove - medullary cavity - shaft (body) - compact and medullary cavity
44
what is ossification?
- process that produces new bone tissue
45
three main cell types in ossification
- osteoblasts - osteoclasts - osteocytes
46
two methods of ossification
- endochondral ossification - occurs in most bones - intramembranous ossification - occurs in clavicle and skull bones
47
type of a cartilage at end of bones
hyaline
48
hip joint movements
- flexion, extension - abduction, adduction - medial, lateral rotation - curcumduction
49
movements of ankle joint (3)
- dorsiflexion/plantarflexion - inversion/ eversion - circumduction
50
nerve supply to the lower limb (6)
- lumboscaral plexus - femoral nerve - sciatic nerve - obturator - superficial, deep fibular nerve (perineal nerves) - tibial nerve