Nervous System Flashcards
what is the function of the nervous system?
- allows us to experience the world through senses and react to them appropriately via a complex network of nerve cells that regulates responses to internal and external stimuli
how is the nervous system categorised?
- anatomical - central (CNS)- brain and spinal chord & peripheral (PNS)- everything else
- physiological - somatic- voluntary control (PNS)
visceral - involuntary control (CNS & PNS)
3 functions of the immune system
- sensory - brings information from internal and external stimuli to the CNS.
- integration - brain (CNS) interprets the information, generates sensory perception and initiates a reaction
- motor - produces a response in response to stimuli or conscious effort.
sensory vs motor
- sensory - afferent nerves (arriving to CNS)
- motor - efferent nerves (exiting the CNS)
features of a neuron
- cell membrane
- dendrites
- axon
- myelin sheath
- synapse
- cell body (soma)
- node of ranvier
cell bodies in CNS vs PNS
- CNS- found in collections within grey matter
- PNS- form collections within ganglia (e.g. sympathetic chain of ganglia)
axons in CNS vs PNS
- CNS- found in tracts within white matter
- PNS- bundle together to form nerves
what protects the brain and spinal chord?
- brain is protected by the skull
- spinal chord is protected by the vertebral column
parts of the brain (6)
- frontal lobe
- temporal lobe
- brainstem
- cerebellum
- occipital lobe
- parietal lobe
functions of frontal lobe
- thinking, planning and problem solving
- emotions, behaviour and personality
functions of temporal lobe
- hearing
- memory retrieval
- language comprehension
functions of brainstem
- breathing, digestion, heart control
- conscientious
functions of cerebellum
- coordination
- control of voluntary movement
functions of occipital lobe
- sight (vision)
- visual interpretation
functions of parietal lobe
- perception & classification of objects
- body orientation
spinal chord and associated nerves
- cervical - C1-C8
- thoracic - T1-T12
- lumber - L1 - L5
- sacral - S1S5
- coccyx - coccyxgeal
how many cervical nerves are there?
- 8
how many thoracic nerves are there?
- 12
how many lumbar nerves are there?
- 5
how many lumbar nerves are there?
- 5
how many cervical bones are there?
- 7
what are C1 and C2 also called?
- atlas
- axis
how many thoracic bones are there?
- 12
how many ribs are there?
- 12
how many lumbar bones are there?
- 5
what is below the lumbar bones?
- sacrum
- coccyx
wha is the hole between two vertebrae called?
- intervertebral foramen
where does the spinal chord end and what begins there
- between L1 and L2
- cauda equina
CN1 nerve name
- olfactory nerve
CN2 nerve name
- optic nerve
CN7 nerve name
- facial nerve
CN8 nerve
vestibulocohlear nerve
CN10 nerve name
- vagus nerve
autonomic nervous system other name?
- visceral nervous name
what is the autonomic nervous system?
- control system
- coordinating bodily functions to maintain homeostasis
what is the autonomic nervous system?
- control system
- coordinating bodily functions to maintain homeostasis
what are x-rays?
- a penetrating forms of electromagnetic radiation with high energy
what positions can X-rays be taken in?
- supine or erect
- AP or PA
what is a fluoroscopy?
- contrast agents such as barium or iodine are radio-opaque
- allows radiologists to see vessels and GI tract more easily
