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IHAP > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

The main function of the respiratory system is to?

A

supply the body with oxygen and dispose of carbon dioxide.

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2
Q

What happens during Pulmonary ventilation?

A

movement of air in and out of lungs

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3
Q

What happens during External respiration?

A

gas diffusion in the lungs
and blood

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4
Q

What must occur in respiration?

A
  • Pulmonary ventilation: movement of air in and out of lungs
  • External respiration: gas diffusion in the lungs
    and blood
  • Transport of respiratory gasses: transportation of oxygen and carbon dioxide to and from the lungs
    -Internal respiration: gas diffusion in the blood and tissue cells
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5
Q

Organs of the Respiratory System:

A

Nose
Pharynx (throat)
Larynx (voice box)
Trachea (windpipe)
Lungs
Bronchi

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6
Q

Structural Classification refers to?

A

Upper respiratory tract:
Lower respiratory tract:

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7
Q

The Upper respiratory tract consists of?

A

nose, pharynx, and associated structures

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8
Q

The lower respiratory tract consist of?

A

larynx, trachea, primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchioles, terminal bronchioles, lungs, respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveolar sacs

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9
Q

Functional Classification refers to?

A

Conducting zone and Respiratory zone

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10
Q

Function is to filter, warm, moisten, and conduct air into the lungs

A

Conducting zone

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11
Q

High diffusion sites/ Main sites of gas exchange between air and blood (within the alveoli and pulmonary capillaries)

A

Respiratory zone

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12
Q

Type 1 and Type 2 alveolar cells (pneumocytes) are found where?

A

Respiratory zone

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13
Q

T or F
Aveolar cells
Type 1 - mainly responsible for the diffusion
Type 2 - releases surfactant (reduces airway resistance/ increases compliance)

A

TRUE

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14
Q

Conducting zone consist of ?

A

Includes the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and terminal bronchioles

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15
Q

Respiratory zone consist of?

A

Includes the respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, and alveoli

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16
Q

In fetal development, is the most vital week for surfactant production

A

7th week

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17
Q

(medical term for lung collapse)

A

Atelectasis

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18
Q

only externally visible part of the respiratory

A

Nose

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19
Q

Functions of the nose:

A

external nares/nostrils)
Moistens and warms entering air
Filters and cleans inspired air
Serves as a resonating chamber for speech
Houses olfactory receptors (located in the mucosa on the superior surface)

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19
Q

Functions of the nose:

A

external nares/nostrils)
Moistens and warms entering air
Filters and cleans inspired air
Serves as a resonating chamber for speech
Houses olfactory receptors (located in the mucosa on the superior surface)

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20
Q

Respiratory —- lines most of the nasal cavity

A

Respiratory mucosa lines most of the nasal cavity

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21
Q

The nasal cavity is divided by a

A

nasal septum

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22
Q

The lateral walls have projections called nasal conchae (superior, middle, and inferior), which:

A

Increases surface area
Increases air turbulence within the nasal cavity

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23
Q

T or F
The nasal cavity is separated from the oral cavity by the tongue

A

False
The nasal cavity is separated from the oral cavity by the palate

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24
Q

where the uvula is located, which moves superiorly preventing food from entering the nasal cavity and allowing food to move down

A

Posterior soft palate (muscle)

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25
Q

up and down movement, prevents food from entering the nasal cavity

A

Uvula

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26
Q

part of the nasal cavity that is superior to the nostrils; lined with (vibrissae) hair follicles, sebaceous and sudoriferous glands

A

Nasal vestibule:

27
Q

Cavities within bones surrounding the nasal cavity:

A

Frontal sinus
Sphenoid sinus
Ethmoid sinus
Maxillary sinus

28
Q

Functions of sinuses:

A

Lighten the skull
Act as resonance chambers for speech
Produce mucus that drains into the nasal cavity

29
Q

It is the muscular passage from nasal cavity to larynx

A

PHARYNX (THROAT)

30
Q

Three regions of the pharynx

A

Nasopharynx: superior region behind nasal cavity
Oropharynx: middle region mouth (common passageway for air and food)
Laryngopharynx: inferior region attached to larynx (common passageway for air and food)

31
Q

Structure of the pharynx:

A

Auditory tubes (pharyngotympanic tubes) enter the nasopharynx
Has tonsils, which trap and destroy pathogens entering the nasopharynx

32
Q

3 tonsils

A

Pharyngeal tonsil (adenoids) in the nasopharynx
Palatine tonsils in the lateral walls of the oropharyngeal mucosa
Lingual tonsils at the base of the tongue

33
Q

Routes air and food into proper channels
Plays a role in speech

A

LARYNX (VOICE BOX)

34
Q

Made of eight rigid hyaline cartilages and a spoon shaped flap of elastic cartilage (epiglottis, prevents food from entering the airway, if it happens it is called aspiration pneumonia)

A

LARYNX (VOICE BOX)

35
Q

T or F
the pharynx is a Total of 9 cartilages:
Occurs in singles: thyroid cartilage, epiglottis, and cricoid cartilage
Occurs in pairs: arytenoid, cuneiform, and corniculate cartilages

A

TRUE

36
Q

superior opening of the larynx; routes food to the larynx and air toward the trachea

A

Epiglottis

37
Q

T or F
Vocal cords (vocal folds): vibrate with expelled air to create mucus

A

FALSE
Vocal cords (vocal folds): vibrate with expelled air to create sound (speech)

38
Q

T or F
Vestibular folds: true vocal cords
Glottis: opening between vocal cords

A

False
Vestibular folds: false vocal cords
Glottis: opening between vocal cords

39
Q

Connects larynx with bronchi
Line with ciliated mucosa

A

TRACHEA (WINDPIPE)TRACHEA (WINDPIPE)

40
Q

Beat continuously in the opposite direction of incoming air
Expel mucus loaded with dust and other debris

A

TRACHEA (WINDPIPE)

41
Q

Walls of the trachea are reinforced with —— 0 c-shaped hyaline cartilage

A

Walls are reinforced with 16-20 c-shaped hyaline cartilage

42
Q

The trachea has 2 reflexes, what are they and their purpose?

A

sneeze reflex - foreign object in the nose
cough reflex - foreign object in the throat

43
Q

internal ridge formed at the point of bifurcation into the right and left bronchi

A

CArina

44
Q

T or F
R P Bronchus- shorter, wider,more vertical
L P Bronchus - longer, narrower, less vertical

A

TRUE

45
Q

cupped hand and percuss the landmark in the posterior (scapula)

A

Postural drainage:

46
Q

projection of the upper lobe of the left lung (parang dila)

A

Lingula

47
Q

T or F
The lungs;Apex is near the clavicle; the base rests on the stomach

A

Apex is near the clavicle; base rests on the diaphragm

48
Q

Each lung is divided into lobes by fissures:

A

Right: 3 lobes (superior, middle, inferior lobes); 2 fissures (horizontal, oblique fissures)
Left: 2 lobes (superior and inferior lobes); 1 fissure (oblique fissure)

49
Q

Coverings of the lungs and descriptions

A

Pulmonary (visceral) pleura: covers the lung surface
Parietal pleura: lines the walls of the thoracic cavity
Pleural fluid: fills the area between the layers of pleura to allow gliding

50
Q

A series of branching airways commonly referred to as “generation orders”

A

Tracheobronchial Tree

51
Q

The Tracheobronchial Tree Air passages between trachea and alveoli divide how many times?

A

Air passages between trachea and alveoli divide 23 times

52
Q

Types of Respiration and pathway

A

External Respiration - alveoli to bloodstream
Internal Respiration – bloodstream to cell
Cellular

53
Q

Respiratory tree divisions or tracheobronchial tree:

A

Primary (main) bronchi = 1 on right, 1 on left
Secondary (lobar) bronchi = 3 on right, 2 on left
Tertiary (segmental) bronchi = 10 on right, 8 on left
Bronchioles
Terminal bronchioles

54
Q

From 2.5cm2 in trachea to 11,800 cm2 in alveoli
Surface area is directly proportional to the rate of diffusion

A

RESPIRATORY TREE DIVISIONS

55
Q

T or F
RR is high at a young age, especially with newborns and infants because the muscles are not well-developed and they are still adjusting to their environment

A

True

56
Q

T or F
R Rate often increases somewhat with old age

A

TRUE

57
Q

Respiratory rate changes throughout life: Newborns:

A

Newborns: 40 to 80 respirations per minute
why do newborns have greater respiration per minute:
underdeveloped respiratory structures

58
Q

Respiratory rate changes throughout life: Infants

A

Infants: 30 respirations per minute

59
Q

Respiratory rate changes throughout life: Age 5-25

A

Age 5: 25 respirations per minute

60
Q

T or F
AGING EFFECTS
The elasticity of lungs increases
Vital signs decreases
Blood oxygen levels increases
Stimulating effects of carbon dioxide decreases
More risks of respiratory tract infection

A

FALSE

AGING EFFECTS
Elasticity of lungs decreases

Vital capacity decreases

Blood oxygen levels decreases

Stimulating effects of carbon dioxide decreases

More risks of respiratory tract infection

60
Q

Respiratory rate changes throughout life: Adults

A

Adults: 12 to 18 respirations per minute

61
Q

What nerves are involved in the rate of respiration, volume breathing, and simulation of cough

A

The vagus and glossopharyngeal nerve are both also involved in the rate of respiration, volume of breathing, or in the stimulation of cough

62
Q

T or F
Baroreceptors may also affect cardiac rate and depth due to their detection of pressure

A

Flase
Baroreceptors may also affect respiratory rate and depth due to their detection of pressure

63
Q

FACTORS AFFECTING RESPIRATORY RATE AND DEPTH
Physical and Chemical

A

Physical factors:
Increased body temperatur
Exercise
Talking
Coughing

Volition (conscious control)
Emotional factors
Chemical factors:
CO2 levels
Oxygen levels

IHAP (15 decks)

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