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IHAP > Blood > Flashcards

Blood Flashcards

1
Q

the only classified tissue to be liquid in form; it is a ____ connective tissue

A

Blood

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2
Q

transport medium that is pumped by the heart; a vehicle for transporting nutrients, gases, or waste products

A

Blood

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3
Q

What are the blood vessels, what is its function?

A

the passageway of blood (e.g. arteries, veins, capillaries – for exchange of gases)

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4
Q

the study of blood, blood-forming tissues, and the disorders associated with them

A

Hematology:

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5
Q

Functions of Blood

A

Transportation, Regulation, and Protection

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6
Q

T or F
Scarlet red: oxygenated blood
Dull pink: deoxygenated blood

A

FALSE
Scarlet red: oxygenated blood
➢ Dull red: deoxygenated blood

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7
Q

What should the ph of the blood be?

A

pH must remain between 7.35 – 7.45

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8
Q

T or F
Blood temperature is slightly lower than body temperature (100.4 F or 38.1 C)

A

FALSE
Blood temperature is slightly higher than body
temperature (100.4 F or 38.1 C)

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9
Q

Why is blood’s temperature higher??

A

This is due to the friction generated as blood circulates or moves throughout the body

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10
Q

Normally, blood volume is about _____ liters
Blood makes up __% of the body weight

A

Normally, blood volume is about 5 – 6 liters
Blood makes up 8% of the body weight

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11
Q

What percentage does blood plasma made up of?

A

Blood Plasma (55% of Blood)

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12
Q

___________: red blood cells
___________: white blood cells
___________: thrombocytes; cell fragments

A
  1. Erythrocytes: red blood cells
  2. Leukocytes: white blood cells
  3. Platelets: thrombocytes; cell fragments
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13
Q

Its main function is to carry oxygen

A

RED BLOOD CELLS (ERYTHROCYTES)

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14
Q

has much greater surface area for the diffusion of gas
molecules into and out of the RBC

A

Biconcave disc:

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15
Q

Iron-containing protein
o Binds strongly, but reversibly, to oxygen (oxyhemoglobin)

A

Hemoglobin

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16
Q

a decrease in the oxygen-carrying ability of the blood; results in pale color

A

Anemia:

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17
Q

results from abnormally- shaped hemoglobin

A

Sickle cell anemia (SCA):

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18
Q

an excessive or abnormal increase in the
number of RBCs; results in reddish or
pinkish color

A

Polycythemia:

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19
Q

May be caused by bone marrow cancer (polycythemia vera)
It may be a response to life at higher altitudes (secondary polycythemia)

A

Polycythemia:

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20
Q

List of WBCs from most to least abundant:

A
  1. Neutrophils
  2. Lymphocytes
  3. Monocytes
  4. Eosinophils
  5. Basophils
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21
Q

Crucial in the body’s defense against diseases
These are complete cells, with a nucleus and organelles

A

WHITE BLOOD CELLS (LEUKOCYTES)

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22
Q

WBC moves by?

A

amoeboid motion

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23
Q

WBC: Around____ to ___WBC per cubic
millimeter of blood

A

Around 4,800 to 10,800 WBC per cubic millimeter of blood

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24
Q
  1. _______: above 11,000 leukocytes/mL; generally indicates an infection
  2. _______: abnormally low leukocyte level; commonly caused by certain drugs
  3. _______: bone marrow becomes cancerous; turns out excess WBCs
A
  1. Leukocytosis:
    o above 11,000 leukocytes/mL; generally indicates an infection
  2. Leukopenia:
    o abnormally low leukocyte level; commonly caused by certain drugs
  3. Leukemia:
    o bone marrow becomes cancerous; turns out excess WBCs
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25
Q

granules in their cytoplasm can be stained; includes neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils

A

Granulocytes:

26
Q

lack visible cytoplasmic granules and the nucleus tends to be oval, kidney, or spherical in shape; include lymphocytes and monocytes

A

Agranulocytes:

27
Q

Cytoplasm stains pale pink and contains fine granules
o Deep purple nucleus contains three to seven lobes

A

Neutrophils

28
Q

Numbers increase during infection; for acute infection 3,000 – 7,000 neutrophils per cubic millimeter of blood

A

Neutrophils

29
Q

Red, coarse cytoplasmic granules
o Figure 8 or bilobed nucleus stains blue-red
o Function is to kill parasitic worms and play a role in allergy attacks 100 – 400 eosinophils per cubic millimeter of blood (1 – 4 % of WBCs)

A

Eosinophils

30
Q

o Sparse but large blue-purple granules
o U or S-shaped nucleus stains dark blue
o Release histamine (vasodilator) at sites of inflammation

A

Basophils

31
Q

Contain heparin (anticoagulant)
20–50 basophils in a cubic millimeter of blood (0 – 1 % of WBCs)

A

Basophils

32
Q

Cytoplasm is pale blue
o Dark purple-blue nucleus
o Functions as part of the immune response

A

Lymphocytes

33
Q

gives rise to plasma cells, which produce antibodies (binds to foreign substances and activates the immune
system)

A

B lymphocytes:

34
Q

attack invading viruses,
cancer cells, and transplanted tissue cells

A

T lymphocytes:

35
Q

cells) attack wide
variety of infectious microbes and certain
spontaneously arising tumor cells
1,500 – 3,000 lymphocytes in a cubic
millimeter of blood (20 – 45 % of WBCs)

A

T lymphocytes:

36
Q

T or F
1,500 – 3,000 lymphocytes in a cubic
millimeter of blood (20 – 45 % of WBCs)

A

Natural killer cells(NK cells)

37
Q

Largest of the white blood cells and the matured
form of macrophages

A

Monocytes

38
Q

Function as ___________; involves phagocytosis
o Important in fighting chronic infection

A

Monocytes

39
Q

Important in fighting chronic infection
o 100 – 700 monocytes per cubic millimeter of blood (4 – 8 % of WBCs)

A

Monocytes

40
Q

Derived from ruptured multinucleate cells
(megakaryocytes)

A

PLATELETS (THROMBOCYTES)

41
Q

T of F
RBC are needed for the clotting process

A

FALSE
Platelets Needed for the clotting process

42
Q

Normal platelet count (average)

A

Normal platelet count (average) = 300,000 per
cubic millimeter

43
Q

Normal platelet count (range)

A

Normal platelet count (range) = 150,000 –
400,000 per cubic millimeter

44
Q

Blood cell formation
o Occurs in red bone marrow

A

HEMATOPOIESIS

45
Q

All blood cells are derived from a common stem cell called?

A

All blood cells are derived from a common stem
cell (hemocytoblast)

46
Q

Hemocytoblast differentiation
a. _______:produces lymphocytes
b. _______: produces other formed elements

A

Hemocytoblast differentiation
a. Lymphoid stem cell: produces lymphocytes
b. Myeloid stem cell: produces other formed elements

47
Q

Formation of White Blood Cells and Platelets are Controlled by ?

A

Formation of White Blood Cells and Platelets
o Controlled by hormones

48
Q

T or F
Colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) and interleukins prompt bone marrow to generate leukocytes

A

TRUE

49
Q

production of RBCs; stimulated by the hormone erythropoietin

A

Erythropoiesis:

50
Q

T or F
Leukemia: production of WBCs

A

FALSE
Leukopoiesis: production of WBCs

51
Q

production of platelets; stimulated by the hormone thrombopoietin

A

Thrombopoiesis:

52
Q

Hemostasis involves three phases which are?

A
  1. Vascular spasms
  2. Platelet plug formation
  3. Coagulation
53
Q

Blood usually clots within ____ minutes

A

Blood usually clots within 3 to 6 minutes

54
Q

a clot in an unbroken blood vessel; can be deadly in areas like the heart

A

Thrombus:

55
Q

a thrombus that breaks away from the vessel wall and floats freely in the bloodstream; can later clog vessels in critical areas such as the brain

A

Embolus:

56
Q

platelet deficiency;
➢ even normal movements can cause bleeding from small blood vessels that require platelets for clotting

A

Thrombocytopenia:

57
Q

hereditary bleeding disorder;
➢ normal clotting factors are missing

A

Hemophilia:

58
Q

Large losses of blood have serious consequences
Loss of _____% causes weakness
Loss of more than __% causes shock (hypovolemic shock), which can be fatal

A

Large losses of blood have serious
consequences
Loss of 15 – 30% causes weakness
Loss of more than 30% causes shock
(hypovolemic shock), which can be fatal

59
Q

T or F
Transfusions are the only way to replace blood
quickly

A

TRUE

60
Q

T or F
The fetal heartand spleen are early sites of blood cell formation

A

FALSE
The fetal liver and spleen are early sites of blood
cell formation

IHAP (15 decks)

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