Blood

Question 1

the only classified tissue to be liquid in form; it is a ____ connective tissue

Answer 1

Blood

Question 2

transport medium that is pumped by the heart; a vehicle for transporting nutrients, gases, or waste products

Answer 2

Blood

Question 3

What are the blood vessels, what is its function?

Answer 3

the passageway of blood (e.g. arteries, veins, capillaries – for exchange of gases)

Question 4

the study of blood, blood-forming tissues, and the disorders associated with them

Answer 4

Hematology:

Question 5

Functions of Blood

Answer 5

Transportation, Regulation, and Protection

Question 6

T or F
Scarlet red: oxygenated blood
Dull pink: deoxygenated blood

Answer 6

FALSE
Scarlet red: oxygenated blood
➢ Dull red: deoxygenated blood

Question 7

What should the ph of the blood be?

Answer 7

pH must remain between 7.35 – 7.45

Question 8

T or F
Blood temperature is slightly lower than body temperature (100.4 F or 38.1 C)

Answer 8

FALSE
Blood temperature is slightly higher than body
temperature (100.4 F or 38.1 C)

Question 9

Why is blood’s temperature higher??

Answer 9

This is due to the friction generated as blood circulates or moves throughout the body

Question 10

Normally, blood volume is about _____ liters
Blood makes up __% of the body weight

Answer 10

Normally, blood volume is about 5 – 6 liters
Blood makes up 8% of the body weight

Question 11

What percentage does blood plasma made up of?

Answer 11

Blood Plasma (55% of Blood)

Question 12

___________: red blood cells
___________: white blood cells
___________: thrombocytes; cell fragments

Answer 12

1. Erythrocytes: red blood cells
2. Leukocytes: white blood cells
3. Platelets: thrombocytes; cell fragments

Question 13

Its main function is to carry oxygen

Answer 13

RED BLOOD CELLS (ERYTHROCYTES)

Question 14

has much greater surface area for the diffusion of gas
molecules into and out of the RBC

Answer 14

Biconcave disc:

Question 15

Iron-containing protein
o Binds strongly, but reversibly, to oxygen (oxyhemoglobin)

Answer 15

Hemoglobin

Question 16

a decrease in the oxygen-carrying ability of the blood; results in pale color

Answer 16

Anemia:

Question 17

results from abnormally- shaped hemoglobin

Answer 17

Sickle cell anemia (SCA):

Question 18

an excessive or abnormal increase in the
number of RBCs; results in reddish or
pinkish color

Answer 18

Polycythemia:

Question 19

May be caused by bone marrow cancer (polycythemia vera)
It may be a response to life at higher altitudes (secondary polycythemia)

Answer 19

Polycythemia:

Question 20

List of WBCs from most to least abundant:

Answer 20

1. Neutrophils
2. Lymphocytes
3. Monocytes
4. Eosinophils
5. Basophils

Question 21

Crucial in the body’s defense against diseases
These are complete cells, with a nucleus and organelles

Answer 21

WHITE BLOOD CELLS (LEUKOCYTES)

Question 22

WBC moves by?

Answer 22

amoeboid motion

Question 23

WBC: Around____ to ___WBC per cubic
millimeter of blood

Answer 23

Around 4,800 to 10,800 WBC per cubic millimeter of blood

Question 24

1. _______: above 11,000 leukocytes/mL; generally indicates an infection
2. _______: abnormally low leukocyte level; commonly caused by certain drugs
3. _______: bone marrow becomes cancerous; turns out excess WBCs

Answer 24

1. Leukocytosis:
   o above 11,000 leukocytes/mL; generally indicates an infection
2. Leukopenia:
   o abnormally low leukocyte level; commonly caused by certain drugs
3. Leukemia:
   o bone marrow becomes cancerous; turns out excess WBCs

Question 25

granules in their cytoplasm can be stained; includes neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils

Answer 25

Granulocytes:

Question 26

lack visible cytoplasmic granules and the nucleus tends to be oval, kidney, or spherical in shape; include lymphocytes and monocytes

Answer 26

Agranulocytes:

Question 27

Cytoplasm stains pale pink and contains fine granules o Deep purple nucleus contains three to seven lobes

Answer 27

Neutrophils

Question 28

Numbers increase during infection; for acute infection 3,000 – 7,000 neutrophils per cubic millimeter of blood

Answer 28

Neutrophils

Question 29

Red, coarse cytoplasmic granules o Figure 8 or bilobed nucleus stains blue-red o Function is to kill parasitic worms and play a role in allergy attacks 100 – 400 eosinophils per cubic millimeter of blood (1 – 4 % of WBCs)

Answer 29

Eosinophils

Question 30

o Sparse but large blue-purple granules o U or S-shaped nucleus stains dark blue o Release histamine (vasodilator) at sites of inflammation

Answer 30

Basophils

Question 31

Contain heparin (anticoagulant) 20–50 basophils in a cubic millimeter of blood (0 – 1 % of WBCs)

Answer 31

Basophils

Question 32

Cytoplasm is pale blue o Dark purple-blue nucleus o Functions as part of the immune response

Answer 32

Lymphocytes

Question 33

gives rise to plasma cells, which produce antibodies (binds to foreign substances and activates the immune system)

Answer 33

B lymphocytes:

Question 34

attack invading viruses, cancer cells, and transplanted tissue cells

Answer 34

T lymphocytes:

Question 35

cells) attack wide variety of infectious microbes and certain spontaneously arising tumor cells 1,500 – 3,000 lymphocytes in a cubic millimeter of blood (20 – 45 % of WBCs)

Answer 35

T lymphocytes:

Question 36

T or F 1,500 – 3,000 lymphocytes in a cubic millimeter of blood (20 – 45 % of WBCs)

Answer 36

Natural killer cells(NK cells)

Question 37

Largest of the white blood cells and the matured form of macrophages

Answer 37

Monocytes

Question 38

Function as ___________; involves phagocytosis o Important in fighting chronic infection

Answer 38

Monocytes

Question 39

Important in fighting chronic infection o 100 – 700 monocytes per cubic millimeter of blood (4 – 8 % of WBCs)

Answer 39

Monocytes

Question 40

Derived from ruptured multinucleate cells (megakaryocytes)

Answer 40

PLATELETS (THROMBOCYTES)

Question 41

T of F RBC are needed for the clotting process

Answer 41

FALSE Platelets Needed for the clotting process

Question 42

Normal platelet count (average)

Answer 42

Normal platelet count (average) = 300,000 per cubic millimeter

Question 43

Normal platelet count (range)

Answer 43

Normal platelet count (range) = 150,000 – 400,000 per cubic millimeter

Question 44

Blood cell formation o Occurs in red bone marrow

Answer 44

HEMATOPOIESIS

Question 45

All blood cells are derived from a common stem cell called?

Answer 45

All blood cells are derived from a common stem cell (hemocytoblast)

Question 46

Hemocytoblast differentiation a. _______:produces lymphocytes b. _______: produces other formed elements

Answer 46

Hemocytoblast differentiation a. Lymphoid stem cell: produces lymphocytes b. Myeloid stem cell: produces other formed elements

Question 47

Formation of White Blood Cells and Platelets are Controlled by ?

Answer 47

Formation of White Blood Cells and Platelets o Controlled by hormones

Question 48

T or F Colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) and interleukins prompt bone marrow to generate leukocytes

Answer 48

TRUE

Question 49

production of RBCs; stimulated by the hormone erythropoietin

Answer 49

Erythropoiesis:

Question 50

T or F Leukemia: production of WBCs

Answer 50

FALSE Leukopoiesis: production of WBCs

Question 51

production of platelets; stimulated by the hormone thrombopoietin

Answer 51

Thrombopoiesis:

Question 52

Hemostasis involves three phases which are?

Answer 52

1. Vascular spasms 2. Platelet plug formation 3. Coagulation

Question 53

Blood usually clots within ____ minutes

Answer 53

Blood usually clots within 3 to 6 minutes

Question 54

a clot in an unbroken blood vessel; can be deadly in areas like the heart

Answer 54

Thrombus:

Question 55

a thrombus that breaks away from the vessel wall and floats freely in the bloodstream; can later clog vessels in critical areas such as the brain

Answer 55

Embolus:

Question 56

platelet deficiency; ➢ even normal movements can cause bleeding from small blood vessels that require platelets for clotting

Answer 56

Thrombocytopenia:

Question 57

hereditary bleeding disorder; ➢ normal clotting factors are missing

Answer 57

Hemophilia:

Question 58

Large losses of blood have serious consequences Loss of _____% causes weakness Loss of more than __% causes shock (hypovolemic shock), which can be fatal

Answer 58

Large losses of blood have serious consequences Loss of 15 – 30% causes weakness Loss of more than 30% causes shock (hypovolemic shock), which can be fatal

Question 59

T or F Transfusions are the only way to replace blood quickly

Answer 59

TRUE

Question 60

T or F The fetal heartand spleen are early sites of blood cell formation

Answer 60

FALSE The fetal liver and spleen are early sites of blood cell formation