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IHAP > Nervous System - midterms > Flashcards

Nervous System - midterms Flashcards

1
Q

T or F
The nervous system is one of the systems responsible for maintaining homeostasis. It is the controlling and communicating system of the body.

A

TRUE

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2
Q

All is the function of the NS except :
Receiving sensory input
Integrating information
Controlling muscles and glands
Maintaining homeostasis
Muscle growth
Establishing and maintaining mental activity

A

Muscle Growth

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3
Q

Located in skull and contains 85 billion neurons

A

Brain

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4
Q

connected to the brain through foramen magnum of the occipital bone and is encircled by the bones of the vertebral column;

A

SPINAL CORD

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5
Q

Incoming sensory information; thoughts, emotions, and memories.

A

SPINAL CORD

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6
Q

Stimulate muscles to contract and glands to secrete

A

SPINAL CORD

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7
Q

A bundle of hundreds to thousands of axons plus associated connective tissue and blood vessels

A

NERVE

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8
Q

Nerve fibers that carry towards the central nervous system

A

SENSORY (AFFERENT) DIVISION

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8
Q

Nerve fibers that carry towards the central nervous system

A

SENSORY (AFFERENT) DIVISION

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9
Q

Nerve fibers that carry impulses away from central nervous system

A

MOTOR (EFFERENT) DIVISION

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10
Q

The receptors that was discussed during the integumentary system

A

CUTANEOUS SENSE ORGANS

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10
Q

The receptors that was discussed during the integumentary system

A

CUTANEOUS SENSE ORGANS

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11
Q

These are special sensory organs that can erect stretch or tension

A

PROPRIOCEPTORS

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12
Q

Receptor for Pain

A

NOCICEPTORS

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13
Q

Light touch receptor

A

MEISSNER CORPUSCLE

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14
Q

For deep pressure receptore

A

LAMELLAR CORPUSCLE

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15
Q

For tension in the tendons
receptor

A

PROPRIOCEPTORS (GOLGI TENDON ORGANS)

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16
Q

For tension within the muscle fibers
receptor

A

PROPRIOCEPTORS (MUSCLE SPINDLE)

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17
Q

sensory neurons that convey information to the body

A

SOMATIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

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18
Q

Transmits action potentials from the CNS to cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands

A

AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

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19
Q

A special nervous system found only in the digestive tract

A

ENTERIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

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20
Q

Receive stimuli, conduct action potentials, and transmit signals

A

NEURONS

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21
Q

Cells that wrap and surround delicate neuronS
Supportive cells of the CNS and PNS, enhance neuron function, and maintain conditions within nervous tissue

A

GLIAL CELLS OR NEUROLOGIA

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22
Q

T or F
NISSL SUBSTANCE
specialized rough endoplasmic reticulum
NEUROFIBRIL
intermediate cytoskeleton that maintains cell shape

A

TRUE

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23
Q

A special nervous system found only in the digestive tract

A

ENTERIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

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24
Q

A special nervous system found only in the digestive tract

A

ENTERIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

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25
Q

NERVE COVERINGS
(3 items)

A

EPINEURIUM
Covers the entire nerve (Outer)
PERINEURIUM
Covers the group of nerve fibers forming a fascicle (Middle)
ENDONEURIUM
Covers each nerve fiber (Inner)

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26
Q

Contains one axon and several dendrites; mainly found in the brain and spinal cord
Most abundant

A

MULTIPOLAR NEURONS

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27
Q

Contains one axon and one dendrite
Found in the inner ear, retina, olfactory

A

BIPOLAR NEURONS

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28
Q

Contains several dendrites and one axon that are fused together to form a continuous process that emerges from the cell body
Mostly found in the PNS
Pseudounipolar neurons because they begin as bipolar neurons

A

UNIPOLAR NEURONS

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29
Q

Carry impulses from sensory receptors, cutaneous sense organs, and proprioceptors (Stretch and tension)
Carry information to the CNS

A

SENSORY NEURONS
(AFFERENT)

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30
Q

Mainly found in the neural pathway and CNS
Integrate sensory information from sensory neurons and then elicit motor response via motor neurons

A

INTERNEURONS
(ASSOCIATION NEURONS)

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31
Q

Carry impulses from CNS to effector organs (muscle or gland)

A

MOTOR NEURONS (EFFERENT)

32
Q

Produce myelin sheaths for single axon in jelly-roll like fashion

A

SCHWANN CELL

33
Q

Flat cells surrounding cell bodies of neurons
Protects the neuron bodies
Regulates exchange of materials between neuronal cell bodies and interstitial fluid

A

SATELLITE CELL

34
Q

These are rapid, predictable, and involuntary response to a stimulus, automatic response

A

REFLEXES

35
Q

Reflexes that stimulate the skeletal muscles (pulling hand away from hot stimulus)

A

SOMATIC REFLEXES

36
Q

Regulates the activity of smooth muscles (regulation of smooth muscles, heart, and blood pressure, glans, and digestive system)

A

AUTONOMIC REFLEXES

37
Q

T or F
SENSORY RECEPTOR
Reacts to stimulus
SENSORY NEURON
Carries message to integration center
INTEGRATION CENTER
Processes information and directs motor output
MOTOR NEURON
Carries message to an effector
EFFECTOR ORGAN
Muscle or gland to be stimulated

A

TRUE

38
Q

4 MAJOR REGIONS OF THE BRAIN

A

CEREBRUM
BRAIN STEM
DIENCEPHALON
CEREBELLUM

39
Q

T of F
FISSURE
Grooves or indentations that are superficial
SULCUS
Grooves or indentations that are deep
GYRUS
Ridges found on the surface of the head

A

FALSE
FISSURE
Grooves or indentations that are deeper
SULCUS
Grooves or indentations that are superficial
GYRUS
Ridges found on the surface of the brain

40
Q

Paired (left & right) superior parts of the brain, separated by medial longitudinal fissure
Include more than half of the brain mass (83%)
Known as the “seat of intelligence”

A

CEREBRUM

41
Q

Separates frontal and parietal lobe

A

CENTRAL SULCUS OF ROLANDO
(ROLANDIC FISSURE)

42
Q

Found anterior to central sulcus,
For motor

A

PRECENTRAL GYRUS

43
Q

Found posterior to central sulcus
For sensation

A

POSTCENTRAL GYRUS

44
Q

Separates parietal and occipital lobes

A

PARIETO-OCCIPITAL SULCUS

45
Q

Separates temporal lobe from frontal and parietal lobe

A

LATERAL SULCUS OF SYLVIA
(SYLVIAN FISSURE)

46
Q

LAYERS OF THE CEREBRUM

A

GRAY MATTER - Outer layer composed mostly of neuron cell bodies
WHITE MATTER - Fiber tracts inside the gray matter (e.g. corpus callosum)
BASAL NUCLEI - Internal islands of gray matter

47
Q

Sits on top of the brain stem and is enclosed by the Cerebral Hemispheres
Made of three parts: (thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus)

A

DIENCEPHALON

48
Q

surrounds the third ventricle
(Third ventricle: one of the ventricles responsible for secreting CSF)
The relay station for sensory impulses (thalamus)
Transfers impulses to the correct part of the cortex for localization and interpretation

A

THALAMUS

49
Q

Helps regulate body temperature, water balance, metabolism
An important part of the limbic system (emotions)
The pituitary gland (master gland) is attached to the hypothalamus
Hypopith

A

HYPOTHALAMUS

50
Q

Forms the roof of the third ventricle
Houses the pineal gland or body (responsible for circadian rhythm),
melatonin (sleep-wake cycle) (increase in production)
Includes the choroid plexus that forms CSF
epl pin

A

EPITHALAMUS

51
Q

Parts of the brain stem include:

A

(midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata)

52
Q

Mostly composed of tracts of nerve fibers

Contains two parts:
CEREBRAL PEDUNCLES
Two bulging fiber tracts

CORPORA QUADRIGEMINA
Four rounded protrusions
Composed of two superior colliculus
For vision
Two inferior colliculus
For hearing

A

mIDBRAIN

53
Q

The bulging center part of the brain stem mostly composed of fiber tracts
Responsible for breathing, chewing, salivation, and swallowing
Relay station between cerebrum and cerebellum
Responsible for involuntary respiration

A

PONS

54
Q

The lowest part of the brain stem
Merges into the spinal cord and contains important control centers such as:
Heart rate control
Blood pressure regulation
Breathing
Swallowing
Vomiting
Coughing and sneezing
Blood vessel diameter
Balance

A

MEDULLA OBLONGATA

55
Q

Two hemispheres with convoluted surfaces
Provides involuntary coordination of body movements, balance, coordination, postur

A

CEREBELLUM

56
Q

Right side controls right side, left side controls left side; ipsilateral
Contains the transverse fissure

A

IPSILATERAL

57
Q

It is roughly oval in shape, being flattened slightly anteriorly and posteriorly.
Enlargements occur in the cervical and lumbar regions, the cord becomes thinner in thoracic and sacral regions
Extends from the medulla oblongata to the region of T12 (Distal enlargement for the spinal cord)

A

SPINAL CORD

58
Q

WHAT ARE THE 2 FUNCTIONAL DIVISION OF THE PNS?

A

SENSORY DIVISION - Carry impulses toward the CNS
MOTOR DIVISION - Carry impulses away from the CNS

59
Q

NAMES OF THE CRANIAL NERVES

A

Olfactory nerve (CN I), optic nerve (CN II), oculomotor nerve (CN III), trochlear nerve (CN IV), trigeminal nerve (CN V), abducens nerve (CN VI), facial nerve (CN VII), vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII), glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX), vagus nerve (CN X), accessory nerve (CN XI), and hypoglossal nerve (CN XII).

59
Q

NAMES OF THE CRANIAL NERVES

A

Olfactory nerve (CN I), optic nerve (CN II), oculomotor nerve (CN III), trochlear nerve (CN IV), trigeminal nerve (CN V), abducens nerve (CN VI), facial nerve (CN VII), vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII), glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX), vagus nerve (CN X), accessory nerve (CN XI), and hypoglossal nerve (CN XII).

60
Q

NAMES OF THE CRANIAL NERVES

A

Olfactory nerve (CN I), optic nerve (CN II), oculomotor nerve (CN III), trochlear nerve (CN IV), trigeminal nerve (CN V), abducens nerve (CN VI), facial nerve (CN VII), vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII), glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX), vagus nerve (CN X), accessory nerve (CN XI), and hypoglossal nerve (CN XII).

61
Q

Progressive degenerative brain disease
Mostly seen in the elderly, but may begin in middle age
Structural changes in the brain include abnormal protein deposits and twisted fibers within neurons
Victims experience memory loss, irritability, confusion, and ultimately hallucinations and death

A

Alzheimer’s Disease

62
Q

Results from a ruptured blood vessel supplying a region of the brain
Brain tissue supplied with oxygen from the that blood source dies
Loss of some functions or death may results

A

Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA) or Stroke

63
Q

—-: one-sided paralysis
—–: damage to speech center in left hemisphere

A

Hemiplegia: one-sided paralysis
Aphasia: damage to speech center in left hemisphere

64
Q

Temporary brain ischemia (restriction of blood flow)

A

Transient ischemic attack (TIA)

65
Q

Traumatic Brain Injuries
and their definitions
(3 itmes)

A

Concussion: slight brain injury without permanent brain damage
Contusion: nervous tissue destruction occurs without regeneration
Cerebral edema: swelling from the inflammatory response and may compress and kill brain tissue

66
Q

Development Aspects of the Nervous System

A
  • The nervous system is formed during the first month of embryonic development
  • Any maternal infection can have extremely harmful effects
  • The hypothalamus is one of the last areas of the brain to develop
  • No more neurons are formed after birth, but growth and maturation continue for several years
  • The brain reaches maximum weight as a young adult
67
Q

The involuntary branch of the nervous system
Consists of only motor neurons and is divided into two divisions:
Sympathetic and parasympathetic

A

Autonomic Nervous System

68
Q

T of F
Dorsal rami: serves the skin and muscles of the posterior trunk
Ventral rami: forms a complex of networks (plexus) for the anterior

A

true

69
Q

Functional Class and Function of Cn I, II, and III

A

I-Sensory-Smell
II-Sensory-Vision
III-Motor-eye movement

69
Q

Functional Class and Function of Cn I, II, and III

A

I-Sensory-Smell
II-Sensory-Vision
III-Motor-eye movement

69
Q

Functional Class and Function of Cn I, II, and III

A

I-Sensory-Smell
II-Sensory-Vision
III-Motor-eye movement

69
Q

Functional Class and Function of Cn I, II, and III

A

I-Sensory-Smell
II-Sensory-Vision
III-Motor-eye movement

69
Q

Functional Class and Function of Cn I, II, and III

A

I-Sensory-Smell
II-Sensory-Vision
III-Motor-eye movement

70
Q

Functional Class and Function of Cn I, II, and III

A

I-Sensory-Smell
II-Sensory-Vision
III-Motor-eye movement

71
Q

Functional Class and Function of CN IV, V, VI, and VII

A

IV-Motor-Oculomotor
V-Mix-S: face for pain/whole head M:Chewing
VI-Motor-eye movement
VII-Mix-S:Taste 2/3 of the anterior tongueM:Facial movement

72
Q

Functional Class and function of CN VIII, IX, X, XI, and XII

A

VIII-Sensory-Sensation, Balance, Hearing
IX-Mix-S:Taste 1/3, M:for Swallowing
X: Mix- S:stimulate smooth muscle contraction and glandular secretions in these organs, m: gag reflex
XI-Motor-For movement of Trapezius and SCM(neck muscle)\
XII-Movement-Tongue and throat

73
Q

What is the Smallest and Longest CN?

A

SMALLEST CN I
LONGEST CN X

74
Q

AKA STUPID NERVE

A

CN IV

IHAP (15 decks)

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