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IHAP > DIGESTIVE SYSTEM > Flashcards

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q

T or F
The gastrointestinal (GI) tract or alimentary canal is a continuous tube that extends from the throat to the anus through the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities

A

FLASE
The gastrointestinal (GI) tract or alimentary canal is a continuous tube that extends from the mouth to the anus through the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities

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2
Q

Organs of the GI tract

A

Mouth,
pharynx,
esophagus,
stomach,
small intestine, and
large intestine

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3
Q

Accessory organs of the GI tract

A

Teeth,
tongue,
salivary glands,
liver,
gallbladder, and
pancreas

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4
Q

what is Ingestion?

A

o taking food and liquid into the mouth

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5
Q

Release of substances, water, acid, buffers, and enzymes into the lumen (interior space) of the GI tract

A

Secretion

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6
Q

T or F
In normal secretion,
- 3-7L of secretions
- Mixing and propulsion: propulsive or peristaltic movement along the GI tract
- Ability to mix and move material along its length is called motility

A

FALSE
5-7L of secretions
Mixing and propulsion: propulsive or peristaltic movement along the GI tract
Ability to mix and move material along its length is called motility

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7
Q

Mechanical and chemical breakdown or digestion of food

A

Digestion

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8
Q

Passage of digested products from the GI tract into the blood and lymph

A

Absorption

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9
Q

Elimination through feces and urine along the GI tract

A

Defecation

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10
Q

LAYERS OF THE GI TRACT WALL

A
  1. Serosa
  2. Muscularis Externa (or Muscularis)
  3. Submucosa
  4. Mucosa
    Epithelium - Lamina propria - Muscularis mucosae:
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11
Q

o “Brain of the gut”; special nervous system for the GI tract

A

Enteric Nervous System

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12
Q

T or F
Sympathetic function: inhibitory effect, which may be caused by anxiety, anger, or fear; has a connection with myenteric and meissner plexus
Parasympathetic function: excitatory effect; has a connection with vagus and pelvic nerves

A

TRUE

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13
Q

The Enteric Nervous System is composed of how many neurons?

A

o Consists of about 100 million neurons extending from the esophagus to the anus

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14
Q

What are the CONTROL OF GI TRACT FUNCTION
Neural Regulation?

A

A. Autonomic Nervous System
B. Enteric Nervous System

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15
Q

What are the Control of the GI tract function Hormonal Regulation

A

A. GI Tract Hormones
B. Paracrines
Neurocrines

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16
Q

o It is the largest serous membrane of the body

A

PERITONEUM

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17
Q

The PERITONEUM is divided into 2 parts. What are they?

A

a) Parietal peritoneum: lines the abdominal cavity wall
b) Visceral peritoneum: cover organs in the cavity

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18
Q

o Largest peritoneal fold, which drapes over the transverse colon and coils of the small intestine like a “fatty apron”

A

Greater Omentum

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19
Q

Attaches the liver to the anterior abdominal wall and diaphragm
Connects the right and left lobes of the liver (the liver has 4 lobes: right, left, caudate, & quadrate lobes)

A

Falciform Ligament

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20
Q

Suspends the stomach and duodenum from the liver
Pathway for blood vessels entering the liver and contains the hepatic vein and artery
Binds the jejunum and ileum of the small intestine to the posterior abdominal wall

A

Lesser Omentum

21
Q

o Binds the transverse (transverse mesocolon) and sigmoid (sigmoid mesocolon) colon of the large intestine to the posterior abdominal wall

A

Mesocolon

22
Q

o Also known as oral or buccal cavity and is formed by the cheeks, hard and soft palates, and tongue

A

MOUTH

23
Q

o Composition of saliva:

A

a. Mucin: makes saliva a good lubricant
b. Lysozyme, IgA: for protection
c. Salivary amylase (ptyalin)

24
Q

o Function of saliva:

A

 Initial digestion of carbohydrates
 Lubrication, swallowing, taste bud stimulation
 Protection of the oral cavity

25
Q

o Types of immunoglobulins

A

IgG, IgA, IgM, IgE, IgD (GAMED)

26
Q

T or F
Water is secreted by labial, buccal, palatal, parotid, submandibular, and lingual (sublingual gland) glands

A

FALSE
Saliva is secreted by labial, buccal, palatal, parotid, submandibular, and lingual (sublingual gland) glands

27
Q

An accessory digestive organ composed of skeletal muscle covered mucous membrane
Forms the floor of the oral cavity

A

Tongue

28
Q

o Maneuvers food for chewing, shaped food into a bolus, and forces the food to the back of the mouth for swallowing

A

Tongue

29
Q

o The extrinsic muscles of the tongue are:

A

 Hyoglossus
 Genioglossi
 Myeloglossu
 Styloglossus

30
Q

o 4 types of papillae (increases surface area):

A
  1. Vallate
  2. Foliate
  3. Fungiform
  4. Filiform
31
Q

The Teeth is also known as?
And is used for?

A

Also known as dentes, which are used for grinding food into smaller sizes

32
Q

T or F
Humans have two sets of teeth during a lifetime:

A

TRUE

33
Q

A total of 20 teeth by age 2; first teeth to appear are the lower central incisors at about 6 months

A
  1. Deciduous teeth (baby or milk teeth):
34
Q
  • replace deciduous teeth between the ages 6 and 12; a total of 32 teeth but sometimes wisdom teeth never erupt or are absent
A
  1. Permanent teeth:
35
Q

T or F
- Wisdom teeth usually appears between ages of 7 to 25

A

FALSE
- Wisdom teeth usually appears between ages of 17 to 25

36
Q

funnel shaped tube that extends from the internal nares to the esophagus posteriorly and to the larynx anteriorly

A

Pharynx

37
Q

about 25 cm long; posterior to the trachea, connects the pharynx with the stomach; pierces the diaphragm through an opening called the esophagus hiatus

A

Esophagus

38
Q

T or F
o Takes 24 seconds for solids to reach stomach 1-3 sec for liquids

A

FALSE
o Takes 8 seconds for solids to reach stomach 1-3 sec for liquids

39
Q

PARTS OF ESOPHAGUS

A

cervical, thoracic, and abdominal esophagus

40
Q

T or F
The esophagus has two sphincters: medial and lateral esophageal sphincters

A

FALSE
Has two sphincters: upper and lower esophageal sphincters

41
Q

o J or inverted C-shaped organ inferior to the diaphragm and the most dilatable structure of the GI tract

A

STOMACH

42
Q

o A mixing chamber of bolus and gastric juices to form chime

A

STOMACH

43
Q

o Reservoir of food before release into the small intestine

A

STOMACH

44
Q

T or F
The stomach can
o Secretes hormone and other substances
o Can store up to 1 gallon or 3-7L

A

True

45
Q

Regions of the Stomach

A

a. Cardia
b. Fundus
d. Body
d. Antrum
e. Pylorus

46
Q

Gland Cells in the Gastric Glands

A

Mucous neck cells:
Parietal cells
Chief cells
G cells

47
Q

What does G cells do?

A

G cells: secrete gastrin into the bloodstream

48
Q

What does Chief cells: do?

A

Chief cells: secrete pepsinogen and gastric lipase

49
Q

T or F
Parietal cells: produce intrinsic factor (needed for absorption of vitamin B12) and hydrochloric acid
 If there is an insufficient intrinsic factor, pernicious pneumonia may occur

A

FALSE
Parietal cells: produce intrinsic factor (needed for absorption of vitamin B12) and hydrochloric acid
 If there is insufficient intrinsic factor, pernicious anemia may occur

IHAP (15 decks)

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