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IHAP > prelims > Flashcards

prelims Flashcards

1
Q

The science of body structures and the
relationships among them

A

Anatomy

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2
Q

The science of body functions: how the body
parts work

A

Physiology

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3
Q

The careful cutting apart of body structures to
study their relationships

A

Dissection

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4
Q

First 8 weeks of development after fertilization of the human egg

A

Embryology

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5
Q

Complete development of an individual from fertilization to death

A

Developmental biology

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6
Q

Cellular structure and functions

A

Cell biology

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7
Q

Microscopic structure of tissues

A

Histology

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8
Q

Structures that can be examined without a microscope

A

Gross Anatomy

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9
Q

Structure of specific system of the body
(eg. nervous system, respiratory system)

A

systematic anatomy

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10
Q

specific regions of the body such as head or chest

A

Regional Anatomy

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11
Q

Surface markings of the body to understand internal anatomy through visualization and palpitation (eg. gentle touch)

A

Surface anatomy

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12
Q

Structural changes (gross to microscopic) associated with disease

A

Pathological Anatomy

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13
Q

Branches of Anatomy
(9 items)

A

Embryology
Developmental biology
Cell Biology
Histology
Gross anatomy
Systematic anatomy
Regional anatomy
Surface anatomy
Imaging Anatomy
Pathological Anatomy

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14
Q

Branches of Physiology
(9 items)

A

Molecular Physiology
Neurophysiology
Endocrinology
Cardiovascular physiology
immunology
Respiratory physiology
Renal physiology
Exercise physiology
Pathophysiology

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15
Q

Functional changes associated with diseases and aging

A

Pathophysiology

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16
Q

Changes in cell and organ functions due to muscular activity

A

Exercise physiology

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17
Q

Functions of the kidneys

A

Renal physiology

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18
Q

Functions of the air passageways and lungs

A

Respiratory physiology

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19
Q

The body’s defenses against disease-causing agents

A

immunology

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20
Q

Functions of the heart and blood vessels

A

Cardiovascular physiology

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21
Q

Hormones and how they control body functions

A

Endocrinology

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22
Q

Functional properties of the nerve cells

A

Neurophysiology

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23
Q

Function of individual molecules such as proteins and DNA

A

Molecular physiology

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24
Q

Function of individual molecules such as proteins and DNA

A

Molecular physiology

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25
The basic level can be compared to the letters of the alphabet and includes: Atoms and molecules
Chemical Level
26
the smallest units of matter that participate in chemical reactions
Atoms
27
Molecules combine to form cells, the basic structural and functional units of an organism that are composed of chemicals smallest living units in the body
Cellular Level
28
Tissues of groups of cells and the materials surrounding them that work together to perform a particular function.
Tissue Level
29
4 basic types of tissues:
Epithelial tissue: Connective tissue: Muscular tissue: Nervous tissue:
30
carries information from one part of the body to another through nerve impulses
Nervous tissue:
31
Organs are structures that are composed of 2 or more different types of tissues; they have specific functions and recognizable shapes
* Organ level
32
A system consists of related organs with common functions
System Level
32
A system consists of related organs with common functions
System Level
33
All the parts of the human body functioning together constitute the total organism
* Organism level
34
protect body, helps regulate body temperature, eliminates some wastes, helps make vitamin D, detects sensation, stores fat, and provide insulation
* Integumentary System
35
supports and protects body, provides surface area for muscle attachments, aids body movements, houses cells that produce blood cells, store minerals and lipids (fats)
* Skeletal System
36
generates action potentials (nerve impulses) to regulate body activities, detects changes in body’s internal and external environment, interprets, changes, and responds through muscular contractions or glandular secretions
* Nervous System
37
regulate body activities (chemical messengers transported in blood from endocrine gland or tissue to target organ)
* Endocrine System
38
heart pumps blood through blood vessels, blood carries oxygens and nutrients, defend against disease, and repair damaged blood vessels
Cardiovascular System
39
returns proteins and fluid to blood, carries lipids from gastrointestinal tract to blood, contains B cells and T cells that protect against disease causing microbes
* Lymphatic System and Immunity
40
transfer oxygen to inhaled air and carbon dioxide to exhaled, vocal cords produces sounds, regulate acid-base balance of body fluids
* Respiratory System
41
Production of sex cells
Reproductive System
42
Regulated ph removes excess water
Urinary System
43
sum of all chemical processes that occur in the body
Metabolism
44
breakdown of complex chemical substances into smaller components
catabolism
45
building up of complex chemical substances from smaller, simpler components
anabolism
46
body’s ability to detect and respond to changes
Responsiveness
47
T or F Internal environment ▪ within the body (fever) ▪ refers to the extracellular fluid that surrounds body cells External environment ▪ outside the body (turning head toward the squealing sound)
True
48
includes motion of the whole body, individual organs, single cells, and tiny structures in the cell
Movement
49
increase in body size that results from an increase in the size of existing cells, increase in number of cells, or both
Growth
50
the development of cell from an unspecialized to a specialized state
Differentiation
51
formation of new cells for tissue growth, repair or replacement, or the production of new individual
Reproduction
52
Characteristics of the Living Human Organism
Metabolism Responsiveness Movement Growth Differentiation Reproduction
53
o the maintenance of relatively stable condition in the body’s internal environment
Homeostasis
54
o fluid within cells
* Intracellular fluid (ICF)
55
o fluid outside body cells
* Extracellular fluid (ECF)
56
the ECF that fills the narrow between cells of tissues ECF within blood vessels is termed blood plasma
Interstitial fluid
57
the body regulate its internal environment through many
Feedback systems
58
the monitored variable such as temperature, blood pressure, or blood glucose level
o Controlled condition (controlled variable)
59
any disruption that changes a controlled condition
Stimulus
60
body structure that monitors the changes in a controlled condition and sends input to a control center
Receptor
61
* Factors in homeostatic balance
the environment and your own behavior your genetic makeup the air you breathe, the food you eat, and even the thoughts you think
62
any abnormality of structure or function
Disorder
62
any abnormality of structure or function
Disorder
63
a more specific term of an illness characterized by a recognizable set of signs and symptoms
Disease
64
affects one part or a limited region of the body
local disease
65
affects entire body or several parts of it
systemic disease
66
subjective changes in body functions that are not apparent to an observer
symptoms
67
objective changes that a clinician can observe and measure
signs
68
the science that deals with why, when, and where disease occur and how they are transmitted
epidemiology
69
science that deals with the effects and uses of drugs in the treatment of disease
pharmacology

IHAP (15 decks)

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