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IHAP > prelims > Flashcards

prelims Flashcards

1
Q

The science of body structures and the
relationships among them

A

Anatomy

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2
Q

The science of body functions: how the body
parts work

A

Physiology

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3
Q

The careful cutting apart of body structures to
study their relationships

A

Dissection

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4
Q

First 8 weeks of development after fertilization of the human egg

A

Embryology

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5
Q

Complete development of an individual from fertilization to death

A

Developmental biology

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6
Q

Cellular structure and functions

A

Cell biology

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7
Q

Microscopic structure of tissues

A

Histology

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8
Q

Structures that can be examined without a microscope

A

Gross Anatomy

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9
Q

Structure of specific system of the body
(eg. nervous system, respiratory system)

A

systematic anatomy

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10
Q

specific regions of the body such as head or chest

A

Regional Anatomy

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11
Q

Surface markings of the body to understand internal anatomy through visualization and palpitation (eg. gentle touch)

A

Surface anatomy

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12
Q

Structural changes (gross to microscopic) associated with disease

A

Pathological Anatomy

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13
Q

Branches of Anatomy
(9 items)

A

Embryology
Developmental biology
Cell Biology
Histology
Gross anatomy
Systematic anatomy
Regional anatomy
Surface anatomy
Imaging Anatomy
Pathological Anatomy

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14
Q

Branches of Physiology
(9 items)

A

Molecular Physiology
Neurophysiology
Endocrinology
Cardiovascular physiology
immunology
Respiratory physiology
Renal physiology
Exercise physiology
Pathophysiology

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15
Q

Functional changes associated with diseases and aging

A

Pathophysiology

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16
Q

Changes in cell and organ functions due to muscular activity

A

Exercise physiology

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17
Q

Functions of the kidneys

A

Renal physiology

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18
Q

Functions of the air passageways and lungs

A

Respiratory physiology

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19
Q

The body’s defenses against disease-causing agents

A

immunology

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20
Q

Functions of the heart and blood vessels

A

Cardiovascular physiology

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21
Q

Hormones and how they control body functions

A

Endocrinology

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22
Q

Functional properties of the nerve cells

A

Neurophysiology

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23
Q

Function of individual molecules such as proteins and DNA

A

Molecular physiology

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24
Q

Function of individual molecules such as proteins and DNA

A

Molecular physiology

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25
Q

The basic level can be compared to the
letters of the alphabet and includes: Atoms and molecules

A

Chemical Level

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26
Q

the smallest units of
matter that participate in
chemical reactions

A

Atoms

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27
Q

Molecules combine to form cells, the basic structural and functional units of an organism that are composed of
chemicals

smallest living units in the body

A

Cellular Level

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28
Q

Tissues of groups of cells and the
materials surrounding them that work
together to perform a particular function.

A

Tissue Level

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29
Q

4 basic types of tissues:

A

Epithelial tissue:
Connective tissue:
Muscular tissue:
Nervous tissue:

30
Q

carries information from one part of the body to another through nerve impulses

A

Nervous tissue:

31
Q

Organs are structures that are
composed of 2 or more different types of
tissues; they have specific functions and
recognizable shapes

A
  • Organ level
32
Q

A system consists of related organs with common functions

A

System Level

32
Q

A system consists of related organs with common functions

A

System Level

33
Q

All the parts of the human body
functioning together constitute the total
organism

A
  • Organism level
34
Q

protect body, helps regulate body temperature, eliminates some wastes, helps make vitamin D,
detects sensation, stores fat, and provide
insulation

A
  • Integumentary System
35
Q

supports and protects body, provides surface area for muscle attachments, aids body
movements, houses cells that produce blood
cells, store minerals and lipids (fats)

A
  • Skeletal System
36
Q

generates action potentials (nerve impulses) to regulate body activities, detects changes in
body’s internal and external environment,
interprets, changes, and responds through
muscular contractions or glandular secretions

A
  • Nervous System
37
Q

regulate body activities (chemical messengers transported in blood from endocrine gland or
tissue to target organ)

A
  • Endocrine System
38
Q

heart pumps blood through blood vessels,
blood carries oxygens and nutrients, defend
against disease, and repair damaged blood
vessels

A

Cardiovascular System

39
Q

returns proteins and fluid to blood, carries lipids from gastrointestinal tract to blood, contains B
cells and T cells that protect against disease
causing microbes

A
  • Lymphatic System and Immunity
40
Q

transfer oxygen to inhaled air and carbon
dioxide to exhaled, vocal cords produces
sounds, regulate acid-base balance of body
fluids

A
  • Respiratory System
41
Q

Production of sex cells

A

Reproductive System

42
Q

Regulated ph
removes excess water

A

Urinary System

43
Q

sum of all chemical processes that occur in the body

A

Metabolism

44
Q

breakdown of complex chemical
substances into smaller components

A

catabolism

45
Q

building up of complex chemical
substances from smaller, simpler
components

A

anabolism

46
Q

body’s ability to detect and respond to changes

A

Responsiveness

47
Q

T or F
Internal environment
▪ within the body (fever)
▪ refers to the extracellular fluid that surrounds body cells

External environment
▪ outside the body (turning head toward the squealing sound)

A

True

48
Q

includes motion of the whole body, individual organs, single cells, and tiny structures in the cell

A

Movement

49
Q

increase in body size that results from an increase in the size of existing cells, increase in number of cells, or both

A

Growth

50
Q

the development of cell from an unspecialized to a specialized state

A

Differentiation

51
Q

formation of new cells for tissue growth, repair or replacement, or the production of new individual

A

Reproduction

52
Q

Characteristics of the Living Human Organism

A

Metabolism
Responsiveness
Movement
Growth
Differentiation
Reproduction

53
Q

o the maintenance of relatively stable condition in the body’s internal environment

A

Homeostasis

54
Q

o fluid within cells

A
  • Intracellular fluid (ICF)
55
Q

o fluid outside body cells

A
  • Extracellular fluid (ECF)
56
Q

the ECF that fills the narrow between cells of tissues

ECF within blood vessels is termed blood plasma

A

Interstitial fluid

57
Q

the body regulate its internal environment
through many

A

Feedback systems

58
Q

the monitored variable such as
temperature, blood pressure, or blood
glucose level

A

o Controlled condition (controlled variable)

59
Q

any disruption that changes a
controlled condition

A

Stimulus

60
Q

body structure that monitors the
changes in a controlled condition and
sends input to a control center

A

Receptor

61
Q
  • Factors in homeostatic balance
A

the environment and your own behavior
your genetic makeup
the air you breathe, the food you eat, and even the thoughts you think

62
Q

any abnormality of structure or function

A

Disorder

62
Q

any abnormality of structure or function

A

Disorder

63
Q

a more specific term of an illness
characterized by a recognizable set of
signs and symptoms

A

Disease

64
Q

affects one part or a
limited region of the body

A

local disease

65
Q

affects entire
body or several parts of it

A

systemic disease

66
Q

subjective changes in
body functions that are not apparent
to an observer

A

symptoms

67
Q

objective changes that a
clinician can observe and measure

A

signs

68
Q

the science that deals
with why, when, and where disease
occur and how they are transmitted

A

epidemiology

69
Q

science that deals with the effects and uses of drugs in the treatment of disease

A

pharmacology

IHAP (15 decks)

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