Cardiovascular System Flashcards
T or F
The cardiovascular system is a Closed system of the heart and blood vessels, Deliver oxygen and nutrients, and does not remove carbon dioxide and other waste product
FALSE
The cardiovascular system is a Closed system of the heart and blood vessels, Deliver oxygen and nutrients, and does remove carbon dioxide and other waste product
What is the passageway of blood that carries nutrients?
Blood Vessels
The amount of blood pumped per minute of blood vessels
approximately __?
amount of blood pumped per minute:
approximately 5 to 6 Liters
metabolism of the Cardiac Muscle:
▪ Rich in ______: short-term source of stored energy for aerobic respiration
▪ Rich in ______: stored energy
metabolism of the Cardiac Muscle:
▪ Rich in myoglobin: short-term source of stored energy for aerobic respiration
▪ Rich in glycogen: stored energy
BV energy sources at rest:
60% fatty acids
35% glucose
5% ketones, lactic acids, and amino acid
The heart is located at?
Thorax, between the lungs in the inferior
mediastinum
The heart’s orientation is?
Triangular-shaped/ Inverted triangle
o Apex: pointed toward the left hip
o Base: pointed toward the right shoulder
Size of Heart?
about the size of the human fist
o 9 cm (3.5 in) Wide at the base
o 13 cm (5 in) from the base to the apex
o 6 cm (2.5 in) from the anteroposterior at the
thickest point
T or F
Weight - about 300g (10 oz)
* Interventricular sulcus - separates the ventricles of the heart
* Septum - heart divider
TRUE
T or F
Weight - about 300g (10 oz)
* Interventricular sulcus - separates the ventricles of the heart
* Septum - heart divider
TRUE
T or F
It is normal for the heart to have fat, too much fat can restrict
the pumping of the heart
TRUE
Coverings of the heart (enumerate)
Pericardium:-> Parietal pericardium: -> Serous layer -> Visceral pericardium -> Heart Wall
Heart Wall
Epicardium-> Myocardium-> Endocardium-> Ventricles
receiving chambers (left and right)
Atria (L/R atrium)
receiving chambers (left and right)
Atria (L/R atrium)
are the ones that push the blood towards the lungs (right) and towards the system (left)
Ventricles
allow blood to flow in one direction
Valves
Atrioventricular valves (2)
Tricuspid valve (right)
Bicuspid valve (left or mitral valve from the word “miter”)
has two flaps, found in between the left atrium and the left ventricle (named mitral valve because of its similar appearance to the hat of a bishop)
Bicuspid valve (left or mitral valve from the
word “miter”)
has three flaps, found in between the
right atrium and right ventricle
Tricuspid valve (right)
T or F
Open valve
Relaxed – papillary muscle
Slack – chordae tendineae
Open – valve
TRUE
T or F
Closed valves
Relaxed– papillary muscle
Taut- chordae tendineae
Closed – valve
FALSE
Closed valves
Contracted – papillary muscle
Taut- chordae tendineae
Closed – valve
determinants of the valve whether it would open or close
___ between ventricles and atria is inversely proportional
Pressure
provides rigid attachment of the cardiac muscle
* plate of connective tissue, consists mainly of fibrous rings
that surrounds the AV and semilunar valves
Cardiac skeleton or fibrous skeleton
T or F
Artery: away from the lungs
Veins: towards the heart
FALSE
Artery: away from the heart
Veins: towards the heart
Artery: (2 types, examples)
- Aorta: ascending, descending, arch of Aorta, leaves the left ventricle
- Pulmonary Artery: right and left, leaves the right ventricle
Veins: (2 types, examples)
- Vena Cava: Superior Vena Cava and Inferior
- Vena Cava, enter the right atrium
- Pulmonary Veins: Right (Superior and Inferior), Left (Superior and Inferior), enter the left atrium
T or F
Coronary arteries: oxygenated
Cardiac veins: deoxygenated
TRUE
branch of the circumflex branch but is considered to be a branch of the left coronary artery in some books
Left (Obtuse) marginal artery
Coronary Veins
- Great cardiac vein on left atrium
- Middle cardiac vein
- Small cardiac vein on right ventricle
- Anterior cardiac vein on right atrium
drain blood from the cardiac muscle
* parallel to the coronary arteries
* most drain blood into the coronary sinus
* from the coronary sinus into the right atrium
Cardiac Veins
takes deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs and returns oxygenated blood from the lung alveoli to the left atrium. It allows blood to be oxygenated for systemic circulation.
Pulmonary Circuit
circulated blood to the systems of the body
Systemic Circuit
The first 3 parts of the heart where deoxygenated blood enters
Deoxygenated blood:
Inferior Vena Cava,
Superior Vena Cava,
Coronary Sinus
When does the Interatrial septum begins to develop that unites with the endocardial cushion that leads to the development of: Foramen ovale?
28th day of gestation
the fossa ovalis is a remain of what?
Foramen ovale
▪ Allows most blood entering the right atrium into the left atrium
▪ After birth, it closes and leaves a remnant called fossa ovalis
Foramen ovale
What is Stroke volume? and how many mL/beat?
Volume of blood pumped per ventricle per contraction 70mL/beat
Term used when increased heart rate + how many bpm
▪ as a compensation for a drop-in stroke volume
▪ lost great amount of blood → damage to myocardium
Tachycardia (>100 bpm)
Term used when decreased heart rate + how many bpm?
▪ during sleep and endurance training
▪ hypothermia
Bradycardia (>60 bpm)
Cardiac output
Volume of blood pumped by a ventricle in 1 min
- 5L/min
- Cardiac output equals stroke volume times heart rate
- CO = SV*HR
Starling’s Law of the Heart
the more the cardiac muscle is stretched, the stronger the contraction
Increased heart rate can be caused by
sympathetic nervous system
- crisis (emotional, physical, etc.)
- low Blood Pressure
- hormones
▪ Epinephrine
▪ Thyroxine
- exercise
Breathing problems: (2)
Bradypnea = slow breathing
Tachypnea = fast breathing
Decreasing heart rate may be caused by:
parasympathetic nervous system
- high Blood Pressure or blood volume
- decreased venous return
Taking blood to the tissues and back
Blood Vwessels
Theses are considered as blood vessels
Arteries
Arterioles
Capillaries → gas exchange
Venules
Veins
Bradycardia CAN OCCUR DURING?
during sleep and endurance training
drop in SV may indicate or cause by?
Tachycardia
pressure wave of blood
monitored at “pressure points” where pulse is easily palpated
Pulse
T or F
Adrenomedullary hormones – increase HR
Thyroid Hormones – increase HR
TRUE
t OR f
Calcium ions – DIASTOLIC
Potassium ions – SYSTOLIC
FALSE
Calcium ions – systolic
o Potassium ions – diastolic
T or F
Heat – increased activity in AV node – an increase in HR
Cold – decrease activity in AV node – a decrease of HR
FALSE
Heat – increase activity in SA node – an increase of HR
Cold – decrease activity in SA node – decrease of HR
Developmental Aspects of the Cardiovascular System
Fourth week:
End of seven weeks:
Seventh:
Fourth week: tube heart
End of seven weeks: four chambers of the heart
Seventh: Few changes to the structure of the heart
- due to the decrease in blood supply to the heart
- coronary arteries are narrowed for some reason
Coronary Heart Disease
- due to the closure of one or more coronary artery
- area (s) of cardiac muscle lacking adequate blood supply die, and scars (infarct)
Myocardial Infarction
HEART ATTACK AKA?
Myocardial Infarction
Heart Procedures
What is Angioplasty,Stent,Bypass?
Angioplasty - opens blocked blood vessels
Stent - structures inserted to keep vessels open
Bypass - reroutes blood away from blocked arteries
