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IHAP > Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

T or F
The cardiovascular system is a Closed system of the heart and blood vessels, Deliver oxygen and nutrients, and does not remove carbon dioxide and other waste product

A

FALSE
The cardiovascular system is a Closed system of the heart and blood vessels, Deliver oxygen and nutrients, and does remove carbon dioxide and other waste product

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2
Q

What is the passageway of blood that carries nutrients?

A

Blood Vessels

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3
Q

The amount of blood pumped per minute of blood vessels
approximately __?

A

amount of blood pumped per minute:
approximately 5 to 6 Liters

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4
Q

metabolism of the Cardiac Muscle:
▪ Rich in ______: short-term source of stored energy for aerobic respiration
▪ Rich in ______: stored energy

A

metabolism of the Cardiac Muscle:
▪ Rich in myoglobin: short-term source of stored energy for aerobic respiration
▪ Rich in glycogen: stored energy

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5
Q

BV energy sources at rest:

A

60% fatty acids
35% glucose
5% ketones, lactic acids, and amino acid

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6
Q

The heart is located at?

A

Thorax, between the lungs in the inferior
mediastinum

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7
Q

The heart’s orientation is?

A

Triangular-shaped/ Inverted triangle
o Apex: pointed toward the left hip
o Base: pointed toward the right shoulder

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8
Q

Size of Heart?

A

about the size of the human fist
o 9 cm (3.5 in) Wide at the base
o 13 cm (5 in) from the base to the apex
o 6 cm (2.5 in) from the anteroposterior at the
thickest point

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9
Q

T or F
Weight - about 300g (10 oz)
* Interventricular sulcus - separates the ventricles of the heart
* Septum - heart divider

A

TRUE

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9
Q

T or F
Weight - about 300g (10 oz)
* Interventricular sulcus - separates the ventricles of the heart
* Septum - heart divider

A

TRUE

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10
Q

T or F
It is normal for the heart to have fat, too much fat can restrict
the pumping of the heart

A

TRUE

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11
Q

Coverings of the heart (enumerate)

A

Pericardium:-> Parietal pericardium: -> Serous layer -> Visceral pericardium -> Heart Wall

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12
Q

Heart Wall

A

Epicardium-> Myocardium-> Endocardium-> Ventricles

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13
Q

receiving chambers (left and right)

A

Atria (L/R atrium)

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13
Q

receiving chambers (left and right)

A

Atria (L/R atrium)

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14
Q

are the ones that push the blood towards the lungs (right) and towards the system (left)

A

Ventricles

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15
Q

allow blood to flow in one direction

A

Valves

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16
Q

Atrioventricular valves (2)

A

Tricuspid valve (right)
Bicuspid valve (left or mitral valve from the word “miter”)

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17
Q

has two flaps, found in between the left atrium and the left ventricle (named mitral valve because of its similar appearance to the hat of a bishop)

A

Bicuspid valve (left or mitral valve from the
word “miter”)

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18
Q

has three flaps, found in between the
right atrium and right ventricle

A

Tricuspid valve (right)

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19
Q

T or F
Open valve

Relaxed – papillary muscle
Slack – chordae tendineae
Open – valve

A

TRUE

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20
Q

T or F
Closed valves
Relaxed– papillary muscle
Taut- chordae tendineae
Closed – valve

A

FALSE
Closed valves
Contracted – papillary muscle
Taut- chordae tendineae
Closed – valve

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21
Q

determinants of the valve whether it would open or close
___ between ventricles and atria is inversely proportional

A

Pressure

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22
Q

provides rigid attachment of the cardiac muscle
* plate of connective tissue, consists mainly of fibrous rings
that surrounds the AV and semilunar valves

A

Cardiac skeleton or fibrous skeleton

23
Q

T or F
Artery: away from the lungs
Veins: towards the heart

A

FALSE
Artery: away from the heart
Veins: towards the heart

24
Q

Artery: (2 types, examples)

A
  • Aorta: ascending, descending, arch of Aorta, leaves the left ventricle
  • Pulmonary Artery: right and left, leaves the right ventricle
25
Q

Veins: (2 types, examples)

A
  • Vena Cava: Superior Vena Cava and Inferior
  • Vena Cava, enter the right atrium
  • Pulmonary Veins: Right (Superior and Inferior), Left (Superior and Inferior), enter the left atrium
26
Q

T or F
Coronary arteries: oxygenated
Cardiac veins: deoxygenated

A

TRUE

27
Q

branch of the circumflex branch but is considered to be a branch of the left coronary artery in some books

A

Left (Obtuse) marginal artery

28
Q

Coronary Veins

A
  • Great cardiac vein on left atrium
  • Middle cardiac vein
  • Small cardiac vein on right ventricle
  • Anterior cardiac vein on right atrium
29
Q

drain blood from the cardiac muscle
* parallel to the coronary arteries
* most drain blood into the coronary sinus
* from the coronary sinus into the right atrium

A

Cardiac Veins

30
Q

takes deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs and returns oxygenated blood from the lung alveoli to the left atrium. It allows blood to be oxygenated for systemic circulation.

A

Pulmonary Circuit

31
Q

circulated blood to the systems of the body

A

Systemic Circuit

32
Q

The first 3 parts of the heart where deoxygenated blood enters

A

Deoxygenated blood:
Inferior Vena Cava,
Superior Vena Cava,
Coronary Sinus

33
Q

When does the Interatrial septum begins to develop that unites with the endocardial cushion that leads to the development of: Foramen ovale?

A

28th day of gestation

34
Q

the fossa ovalis is a remain of what?

A

Foramen ovale

35
Q

▪ Allows most blood entering the right atrium into the left atrium
▪ After birth, it closes and leaves a remnant called fossa ovalis

A

Foramen ovale

36
Q

What is Stroke volume? and how many mL/beat?

A

Volume of blood pumped per ventricle per contraction 70mL/beat

37
Q

Term used when increased heart rate + how many bpm
▪ as a compensation for a drop-in stroke volume
▪ lost great amount of blood → damage to myocardium

A

Tachycardia (>100 bpm)

38
Q

Term used when decreased heart rate + how many bpm?
▪ during sleep and endurance training
▪ hypothermia

A

Bradycardia (>60 bpm)

39
Q

Cardiac output

A

Volume of blood pumped by a ventricle in 1 min
- 5L/min
- Cardiac output equals stroke volume times heart rate
- CO = SV*HR

40
Q

Starling’s Law of the Heart

A

the more the cardiac muscle is stretched, the stronger the contraction

41
Q

Increased heart rate can be caused by

A

sympathetic nervous system
- crisis (emotional, physical, etc.)
- low Blood Pressure
- hormones
▪ Epinephrine
▪ Thyroxine
- exercise

42
Q

Breathing problems: (2)

A

Bradypnea = slow breathing
Tachypnea = fast breathing

43
Q

Decreasing heart rate may be caused by:

A

parasympathetic nervous system
- high Blood Pressure or blood volume
- decreased venous return

44
Q

Taking blood to the tissues and back

A

Blood Vwessels

45
Q

Theses are considered as blood vessels

A

Arteries
Arterioles
Capillaries → gas exchange
Venules
Veins

46
Q

Bradycardia CAN OCCUR DURING?

A

during sleep and endurance training

47
Q

drop in SV may indicate or cause by?

A

Tachycardia

48
Q

pressure wave of blood
monitored at “pressure points” where pulse is easily palpated

A

Pulse

49
Q

T or F
Adrenomedullary hormones – increase HR
Thyroid Hormones – increase HR

A

TRUE

50
Q

t OR f
Calcium ions – DIASTOLIC
Potassium ions – SYSTOLIC

A

FALSE
Calcium ions – systolic
o Potassium ions – diastolic

51
Q

T or F
Heat – increased activity in AV node – an increase in HR
Cold – decrease activity in AV node – a decrease of HR

A

FALSE
Heat – increase activity in SA node – an increase of HR
Cold – decrease activity in SA node – decrease of HR

52
Q

Developmental Aspects of the Cardiovascular System
Fourth week:
End of seven weeks:
Seventh:

A

Fourth week: tube heart
End of seven weeks: four chambers of the heart
Seventh: Few changes to the structure of the heart

53
Q
  • due to the decrease in blood supply to the heart
  • coronary arteries are narrowed for some reason
A

Coronary Heart Disease

54
Q
  • due to the closure of one or more coronary artery
  • area (s) of cardiac muscle lacking adequate blood supply die, and scars (infarct)
A

Myocardial Infarction

55
Q

HEART ATTACK AKA?

A

Myocardial Infarction

56
Q

Heart Procedures
What is Angioplasty,Stent,Bypass?

A

Angioplasty - opens blocked blood vessels
Stent - structures inserted to keep vessels open
Bypass - reroutes blood away from blocked arteries

IHAP (15 decks)

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