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Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

Cough can be divided into

A

Dry cough
Productive

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2
Q

Cough can be divided into

A

Dry cough
Productive

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3
Q

Drugs used to treat dry cough

A

Antitussives - inhibits cough centre in brain

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4
Q

Example of Antitussives

A

Codeine
Pholcodeine
Dextromethorphan
Noscapine

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5
Q

Mucokinetic drugs can be divided into

A

Expectorants
Mucolytics

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6
Q

Example of Expectorants

A

Increase water secretions in cough

Guafenesin
Potassium iodide

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6
Q

Example of Expectorants

A

Increase water secretions in cough

Guafenesin
Potassium iodide

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7
Q

Example of Mucolytics

A

Acetylcysteine
Ambroxol
Bromhexine
Dornase alpha

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7
Q

Example of Mucolytics

A

Acetylcysteine
Ambroxol
Bromhexine
Dornase alpha

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8
Q

Group of drugs that can be used for treatment of Bronchial Asthma

A

Bronchodilators
Leukotrienes
Mast cell Stabilzers
Monoclonal antibodies against IgE

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9
Q

Mechanism of Action of Bronchial Asthma

A

Antigen-Antibody reaction - Stimulates mast cells - degranulation of Mast cells - release of Leukotrienes - leads to Bronchoconstriction

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9
Q

Mechanism of Action of Bronchial Asthma

A

Antigen-Antibody reaction - Stimulates mast cells - degranulation of Mast cells - release of Leukotrienes - leads to Bronchoconstriction

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10
Q

Bronchodilators used in Asthma can be from which groups

A

Beta2 agonist
M3 Blockers
Phosphodiesterase inhibitors

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11
Q

Beta-2 agonist drugs include

A

Salbutamol
Terbutaline
Salmeterol
Formoterol

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12
Q

Short acting Beta 2 agonists (SABA)

A

Salbutamol
Terbutaline

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13
Q

SABA can be used in

A

Acute attack of Asthma

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14
Q

Long acting Beta2 agonist (LABA)

A

Salmeterol - slow acting
Formoterol - fast acting

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15
Q

LABA are suitable for

A

Prophylaxis of Asthma
Formoterol can be used in acute attack of Asthma

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15
Q

LABA are suitable for

A

Prophylaxis of Asthma
Formoterol can be used in acute attack of Asthma

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16
Q

Side effects of Beta 2 agonists

A

4 ‘T’
Tremors - MC
Tachycardia - seen in overdose
Tolerance - mostly seen with LABA
T wave changes - Hypokalemia
Hyperglycemia may occur

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16
Q

Side effects of Beta 2 agonists

A

4 ‘T’
Tremors - MC
Tachycardia - seen in overdose
Tolerance - mostly seen with LABA
T wave changes - Hypokalemia
Hyperglycemia may occur

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17
Q

Example of M3 Blockers

A

Ipratropium
Tiotropium

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18
Q

What is DOC in asthma patients taking Beta blockers

A

M3 Blockers

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19
Q

Phosphodiesterase inhibitors used in Bronchial Asthma

A

Theophylline - iv or oral ,not by inhalational route

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19
Q

Phosphodiesterase inhibitors used in Bronchial Asthma

A

Theophylline

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20
Q

Theophylline suppress inflammation by stimulating

A

Histone di-acetylase

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20
Q

Theophylline suppress inflammation by stimulating

A

Histone di-acetylase

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21
Q

Theophylline also cause bronchodilation by stimulating

A

Adenosine Receptors

22
Q

Theophylline also cause bronchodilation by stimulating

A

Adenosine Receptors

23
Q

Side effects of Theophylline due to PDE inhibition

A

GIT - Nausea, vomiting, gastric
Headache

23
Q

Side effects of Theophylline due to PDE inhibition

A

GIT - Nausea, vomiting, gastric
Headache

24
Q

Side effects of Theophylline due to Adenosine Receptors blocking

A

Diuresis
Seizures
Arrythmias

25
Q

Side effects of Theophylline due to Adenosine Receptors blocking

A

Diuresis
Seizures
Arrythmias

26
Q

Side effects of Theophylline due to Adenosine Receptors blocking

A

Diuresis
Seizures
Arrythmias

27
Q

Theophylline follows which order Kinetics

A

Zero order

28
Q

Theophylline is metabolized by

A

Microsomal enzymes (lot of drug interactions)

29
Q

Leukotrienes synthesis mechanism

A

Phospholipids - Arachidonic acid with help of Phospholipase A2 enzyme – Arachidonic acid is converted to Leukotrienes with the help of Lipoxygenease - then Leukotrienes binds on Cys-LT receptors on bronchus - and cause Bronchoconstriction

30
Q

Leukotrienes synthesis mechanism

A

Phospholipids - Arachidonic acid with help of Phospholipase A2 enzyme – Arachidonic acid is converted to Leukotrienes with the help of Lipoxygenease - then Leukotrienes binds on Cys-LT receptors on bronchus - and cause Bronchoconstriction

31
Q

Drugs which inhibits Phospholipase A2

A

Corticosteroids

32
Q

Drugs which inhibits Phospholipase A2

A

Corticosteroids

33
Q

Drugs which inhibits Lipoxygenease enzyme

33
Q

Drugs which inhibits Lipoxygenease enzyme

34
Q

Drugs which inhibits Lipoxygenease enzyme

35
Q

Drugs which blocks Cys-LT receptors on Bronchus

A

Zafirlukast
Montelukast

35
Q

Drugs which blocks Cys-LT receptors on Bronchus

A

Zafirlukast
Montelukast

36
Q

Corticosteroids are mainly used to

A

Prevent asthma (DOC) - Antiinflammatory action

36
Q

Corticosteroids are mainly used to

A

Prevent asthma (DOC) - Antiinflammatory action

37
Q

Inhalational corticosteroids includes

A

Beclomethasone
Budesonide
Fluticasone
Flunisolide
Mometasone
Ciclesonide

38
Q

Inhalational corticosteroids includes

A

Beclomethasone
Budesonide
Fluticasone
Flunisolide
Mometasone
Ciclesonide

39
Q

In Corticosteroids there is risk of

A

Oropharyngeal Candidiasis

40
Q

Which Inhalation corticosteroids have negligible risk of Oropharyngeal Candidiasis

A

Ciclesonide - Prodrug and Soft steroid

40
Q

Which Inhalation corticosteroids have negligible risk of Oropharyngeal Candidiasis

A

Ciclesonide - Prodrug and Soft steroid

41
Q

Mast cell Stabilzers used in Asthma

A

Chromoglycate
Nedocromil
Ketotifen

42
Q

Mast cell Stabilzers can’t be used in

A

Exercise induced asthma

43
Q

Mast cell Stabilzers can’t be used in

A

Exercise induced asthma

44
Q

Monoclonal antibody against IgE

A

Omalizumab s/c
Not used in acute attack

44
Q

Monoclonal antibody against IgE

A

Omalizumab s/c
Not used in acute attack

45
Q

GINA Full form

A

Global initiative for treatment of Asthma

45
Q

GINA Full form

A

Global initiative for treatment of Asthma

46
Q

According to GINA Guidelines 2021 preferred reliever is

A

Inhaled corticosteroids + LABA(Formoterol)

46
Q

According to GINA Guidelines 2021 preferred reliever is

A

Inhaled corticosteroids + LABA(Formoterol)

47
Q

Step 1 approach used

A

When attacks are less than 2 times a month
Low dose ICS + Formoterol when needed
Or SABA + ICS

47
Q

Step 1 approach used

A

When attacks are less than 2 times a month
Low dose ICS + Formoterol when needed
Or SABA + ICS

48
Q

Step 2 approach used when

A

Attacks are more than 2 times a month but less than 4-5 times a week

Low dose ICS + Formoterol when needed

48
Q

Step 2 approach used when

A

Attacks are more than 2 times a month but less than 4-5 times a week

Low dose ICS + Formoterol when needed

49
Q

Step 4 approach used when

A

Attacks are more than 4-5 times a week with low lung function

Medium dose maintenance ICS + LABA

49
Q

Step 4 approach used when

A

Attacks are more than 4-5 times a week with low lung function

Medium dose maintenance ICS + LABA

50
Q

Step 5 approach is used when

A

Uncontrolled - Symptoms everyday and night

High dose maintenance+ Formoterol
Oral steroids maybe needed
Or
LAMA + Biological drugs

50
Q

Step 5 approach is used when

A

Uncontrolled - Symptoms everyday and night

High dose maintenance+ Formoterol
Oral steroids maybe needed
Or
LAMA + Biological drugs

Pharmacology (14 decks)

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