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Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

Cough can be divided into

A

Dry cough
Productive

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2
Q

Cough can be divided into

A

Dry cough
Productive

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3
Q

Drugs used to treat dry cough

A

Antitussives - inhibits cough centre in brain

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4
Q

Example of Antitussives

A

Codeine
Pholcodeine
Dextromethorphan
Noscapine

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5
Q

Mucokinetic drugs can be divided into

A

Expectorants
Mucolytics

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6
Q

Example of Expectorants

A

Increase water secretions in cough

Guafenesin
Potassium iodide

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6
Q

Example of Expectorants

A

Increase water secretions in cough

Guafenesin
Potassium iodide

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7
Q

Example of Mucolytics

A

Acetylcysteine
Ambroxol
Bromhexine
Dornase alpha

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7
Q

Example of Mucolytics

A

Acetylcysteine
Ambroxol
Bromhexine
Dornase alpha

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8
Q

Group of drugs that can be used for treatment of Bronchial Asthma

A

Bronchodilators
Leukotrienes
Mast cell Stabilzers
Monoclonal antibodies against IgE

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9
Q

Mechanism of Action of Bronchial Asthma

A

Antigen-Antibody reaction - Stimulates mast cells - degranulation of Mast cells - release of Leukotrienes - leads to Bronchoconstriction

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9
Q

Mechanism of Action of Bronchial Asthma

A

Antigen-Antibody reaction - Stimulates mast cells - degranulation of Mast cells - release of Leukotrienes - leads to Bronchoconstriction

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10
Q

Bronchodilators used in Asthma can be from which groups

A

Beta2 agonist
M3 Blockers
Phosphodiesterase inhibitors

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11
Q

Beta-2 agonist drugs include

A

Salbutamol
Terbutaline
Salmeterol
Formoterol

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12
Q

Short acting Beta 2 agonists (SABA)

A

Salbutamol
Terbutaline

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13
Q

SABA can be used in

A

Acute attack of Asthma

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14
Q

Long acting Beta2 agonist (LABA)

A

Salmeterol - slow acting
Formoterol - fast acting

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15
Q

LABA are suitable for

A

Prophylaxis of Asthma
Formoterol can be used in acute attack of Asthma

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15
Q

LABA are suitable for

A

Prophylaxis of Asthma
Formoterol can be used in acute attack of Asthma

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16
Q

Side effects of Beta 2 agonists

A

4 ‘T’
Tremors - MC
Tachycardia - seen in overdose
Tolerance - mostly seen with LABA
T wave changes - Hypokalemia
Hyperglycemia may occur

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16
Q

Side effects of Beta 2 agonists

A

4 ‘T’
Tremors - MC
Tachycardia - seen in overdose
Tolerance - mostly seen with LABA
T wave changes - Hypokalemia
Hyperglycemia may occur

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17
Q

Example of M3 Blockers

A

Ipratropium
Tiotropium

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18
Q

What is DOC in asthma patients taking Beta blockers

A

M3 Blockers

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19
Q

Phosphodiesterase inhibitors used in Bronchial Asthma

A

Theophylline - iv or oral ,not by inhalational route

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19
Phosphodiesterase inhibitors used in Bronchial Asthma
Theophylline
20
Theophylline suppress inflammation by stimulating
Histone di-acetylase
20
Theophylline suppress inflammation by stimulating
Histone di-acetylase
21
Theophylline also cause bronchodilation by stimulating
Adenosine Receptors
22
Theophylline also cause bronchodilation by stimulating
Adenosine Receptors
23
Side effects of Theophylline due to PDE inhibition
GIT - Nausea, vomiting, gastric Headache
23
Side effects of Theophylline due to PDE inhibition
GIT - Nausea, vomiting, gastric Headache
24
Side effects of Theophylline due to Adenosine Receptors blocking
Diuresis Seizures Arrythmias
25
Side effects of Theophylline due to Adenosine Receptors blocking
Diuresis Seizures Arrythmias
26
Side effects of Theophylline due to Adenosine Receptors blocking
Diuresis Seizures Arrythmias
27
Theophylline follows which order Kinetics
Zero order
28
Theophylline is metabolized by
Microsomal enzymes (lot of drug interactions)
29
Leukotrienes synthesis mechanism
Phospholipids - Arachidonic acid with help of Phospholipase A2 enzyme -- Arachidonic acid is converted to Leukotrienes with the help of Lipoxygenease - then Leukotrienes binds on Cys-LT receptors on bronchus - and cause Bronchoconstriction
30
Leukotrienes synthesis mechanism
Phospholipids - Arachidonic acid with help of Phospholipase A2 enzyme -- Arachidonic acid is converted to Leukotrienes with the help of Lipoxygenease - then Leukotrienes binds on Cys-LT receptors on bronchus - and cause Bronchoconstriction
31
Drugs which inhibits Phospholipase A2
Corticosteroids
32
Drugs which inhibits Phospholipase A2
Corticosteroids
33
Drugs which inhibits Lipoxygenease enzyme
Zileuton
33
Drugs which inhibits Lipoxygenease enzyme
Zileuton
34
Drugs which inhibits Lipoxygenease enzyme
Zileuton
35
Drugs which blocks Cys-LT receptors on Bronchus
Zafirlukast Montelukast
35
Drugs which blocks Cys-LT receptors on Bronchus
Zafirlukast Montelukast
36
Corticosteroids are mainly used to
Prevent asthma (DOC) - Antiinflammatory action
36
Corticosteroids are mainly used to
Prevent asthma (DOC) - Antiinflammatory action
37
Inhalational corticosteroids includes
Beclomethasone Budesonide Fluticasone Flunisolide Mometasone Ciclesonide
38
Inhalational corticosteroids includes
Beclomethasone Budesonide Fluticasone Flunisolide Mometasone Ciclesonide
39
In Corticosteroids there is risk of
Oropharyngeal Candidiasis
40
Which Inhalation corticosteroids have negligible risk of Oropharyngeal Candidiasis
Ciclesonide - Prodrug and Soft steroid
40
Which Inhalation corticosteroids have negligible risk of Oropharyngeal Candidiasis
Ciclesonide - Prodrug and Soft steroid
41
Mast cell Stabilzers used in Asthma
Chromoglycate Nedocromil Ketotifen
42
Mast cell Stabilzers can't be used in
Exercise induced asthma
43
Mast cell Stabilzers can't be used in
Exercise induced asthma
44
Monoclonal antibody against IgE
Omalizumab s/c Not used in acute attack
44
Monoclonal antibody against IgE
Omalizumab s/c Not used in acute attack
45
GINA Full form
Global initiative for treatment of Asthma
45
GINA Full form
Global initiative for treatment of Asthma
46
According to GINA Guidelines 2021 preferred reliever is
Inhaled corticosteroids + LABA(Formoterol)
46
According to GINA Guidelines 2021 preferred reliever is
Inhaled corticosteroids + LABA(Formoterol)
47
Step 1 approach used
When attacks are less than 2 times a month Low dose ICS + Formoterol when needed Or SABA + ICS
47
Step 1 approach used
When attacks are less than 2 times a month Low dose ICS + Formoterol when needed Or SABA + ICS
48
Step 2 approach used when
Attacks are more than 2 times a month but less than 4-5 times a week Low dose ICS + Formoterol when needed
48
Step 2 approach used when
Attacks are more than 2 times a month but less than 4-5 times a week Low dose ICS + Formoterol when needed
49
Step 4 approach used when
Attacks are more than 4-5 times a week with low lung function Medium dose maintenance ICS + LABA
49
Step 4 approach used when
Attacks are more than 4-5 times a week with low lung function Medium dose maintenance ICS + LABA
50
Step 5 approach is used when
Uncontrolled - Symptoms everyday and night High dose maintenance+ Formoterol Oral steroids maybe needed Or LAMA + Biological drugs
50
Step 5 approach is used when
Uncontrolled - Symptoms everyday and night High dose maintenance+ Formoterol Oral steroids maybe needed Or LAMA + Biological drugs

Pharmacology (14 decks)

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