CVS - Dyslipidemia Flashcards
Statins acts by blocking which enzyme
HMG CoA Reductase enzymes
Statins examples
Simvastatin
Lovastatin
Pravastatin
Cerivastatin
Atorvastatin
Rosuvastatin
Long acting Statins
Atorvastatin
Rosuvastatin - longest
Statins are usually given at which time
Usually at night because HMG CoA Reductase enzyme highly active at night.
Atorvastatin, Rosuvastatin - Can be given anytime
Which statins are Prodrugs and have max. Entry in CNS
Simvastatin
Lovastatin
All statins are metabolized by
CYP3A4 Except Pravastatin
Side effects of Statins
1) Can cause Myopathy a) by interacting with CYP3A4 inhibitors (Erythromycin, Ketoconazole)
b) If given in combination with Fibrates
2) Hepatotoxicity
3) increases risk of DM
Example of Intestinal Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitors
Ezetimibe
Mechanism of action of Fibrates
Stimulates PPAR- Alpha - Lipoprotein lipase A synthesis increases - Decrease triglycerides levels
Which group of Antilipidemic drugs have maximum Triglycerides lowering potential
Fibrates
Fibrates include which drugs
Clofibrate
Fenofibrate
Bezafibrate
Gemfibrozil
Side effect of Fibrates
Risk of Myopathy
Functions of Niacin (Vitamin B3)
Max HDL increasing protein
Only drug that decrease Lipoprotein A
Side effects of Niacin (Vitamin B3)
Itching
Flushing
Hyperuricemia
Insulin resistance
Hepatotoxicity rarely
Drugs used to prevent Flushing caused by Niacin
Niacin helps in secretions of PGD2 -
Aspirin
Laropiprant - Orally (PGD2 antagonist)
Bile acid binding agents (BABA) drugs include
Cholestyramine
Colestipol
Cholesevalam
Mechanism of action of BABA drugs
BABA binds on bile acids and let passes them in feces - decrease in bile acids
And bile acids are produced from cholesterol - Cholesterol will be used to produce bile acids - so there will be decrease of Cholesterol in blood
DOC in childrens and in pregnancy for Hyperlipidemia
BABA drugs
BABA drugs can cause
Hypertriglycridemia -
Contraindicated in Pancreatitis
MTP means
Microsomal triglyceride transporter protein - helps in transportation of lipids across membranes
MTP Inhibitor drug
Lomitapide
PCSK-9 full form and function
Proprotein Convertase Substilisin Kexin type-9)
Helps in metabolism of LDL receptors
PCSK-9 Inhibitors includes
Drugs that decrease formation - Inclisiran (Small mol. Inhibitor-RNA)
Monlocloanal Ab - Alirocumab, Evolocumab - high affinity for decrease in LDL- Cholesterol
PCSK-9 Inhibitors are commonly used in
Homozygous hypercholesterolemia
Oligonucleotide drug against Apo B hydrate used in Homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia
Mipomersen
CETP Inhibitor used in Hyperlipidemia
Anacetrapib - increase HDL cholesterol
Evinacumab is monoclonal antibody recently approved for
Homozygous Familial hypercholesterolemia
Drugs that can be used in Familial Homozygous hypercholesterolemia
Evinacumab
PCSK-9 Inhibitors - Alirocumab, Evolocumab
Oligonucleotide against ApoB - Mepomersen
