CVS - Hypertension Flashcards by Richhpal Singh

Aim of treatment in Hypertension

Decrease volume of blood
Decrease hardness of BV

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Drugs used in Hypertension

Diuretics
Vasodilators
Sympathetic blockers
RAAS Blockers

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Diuretics used in Hypertension

Thiazides - Diuretics of choice in HTN

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Vasodilators used in Hypertension

NO
Potassium channel openers
Calcium channel blockers
D1 agonist

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Mechanism of action of NO

Stimulates guanylate cyclase - increases cGMP levels - Vasodilation

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Nitrates used in Hypertensive emergencies

Sodium Nitroprusside
Hydralazine

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Nitrates used in Hypertensive emergencies

Sodium Nitroprusside
Hydralazine

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Characteristics of Sodium Nitroprusside

Special iv set (microdrip set)
Sensitive to light
Risk of cyanide Poisoning
Not given in pregnancy

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Characteristics of Sodium Nitroprusside

Special iv set (microdrip set)
Sensitive to light
Risk of cyanide Poisoning
Not given in pregnancy

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Characteristics of Hydralazine

Safe in pregnancy
Example of SHIP Drugs - metabolized by Acetylation and can result in SLE like reaction

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Potassium channel openers used in Hypertension

Minoxidil
Diazoxide
Hydralazine - NO + K+ channel openers

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Characteristics of Minoxidil

Prodrug - Minoxidil sulphate(active metabolite)
Used in treatment of Alopecia
Causes hair growth (Hirsutism) - avoided in young girls

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Diazoxide characteristics

Decreases insulin
Can cause Hyperglycemia - avoided in diabetics
Used in treatment of Insulinoma

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Diazoxide characteristics

Decreases insulin
Can cause Hyperglycemia - avoided in diabetics
Used in treatment of Insulinoma

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Calcium channel blockers used in Hypertension

Verapamil
Diltiazem
DHPs - Amlodipine, Nicardipine

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Mechanism of action of CCBs in Hypertension

Vasodilation - decreases BP

Mechanism of action of CCBs in Hypertension

Vasodilation - decreases BP

D1 agonist used in Hypertensive emergencies

Fenoldopam

Sympathetic system blockers drugs includes

Ganglion blockers
Sympathetic neuron blockers
Alpha-2 agonist
Alpha and Beta blockers

Sympathetic system blockers drugs includes

Ganglion blockers
Sympathetic neuron blockers
Alpha-2 agonist
Alpha and Beta blockers

Ganglion blockers drugs

Nn antagonist
Trimethophan
Hexamethonium
Normally not used in HTN

Ganglion blockers drugs

Nn antagonist
Trimethophan
Hexamethonium
Normally not used in HTN

Sympathetic neuron blockers drug includes

Metyrosine
Reserpine (VMAT-2 Inhibitors)
Guanethidine

Alpha-2 agonist used in Hypertension

Clonidine
Methyldopa
Both are safe in Pregnancy
Side effects - dry mouth and Sedation

Alpha-2 agonist used in Hypertension

Clonidine Methyldopa Both are safe in Pregnancy Side effects - dry mouth and Sedation

RAAS Blockers used in HTN

Beta blockers ACE Inhibitors ARBs Aldosterone Antagonist Renin inhibitors

Renin inhibitors drugs includes

'Kiren' Enalkiren Remikiren Aliskiren Oral, can be used in HTN

Renin inhibitors drugs includes

'Kiren' Enalkiren Remikiren Aliskiren Oral, can be used in HTN

Hypertension should be treated when BP is

Equal or more than 140/90

Hypertension should be treated when BP is

Equal or more than 140/90

First line antihypertensive drugs

Diuretics (Thiazides) ACE inhibitors/ARBs CCB

First line antihypertensive drugs

Diuretics (Thiazides) ACE inhibitors/ARBs CCB

DOC in Hypertension

Thiazides

DOC in HTN Emergency

Nicardipine

DOC in HTN Emergency

Nicardipine

DOC in in Hypertension in pregnancy and Hypertensive emergencies in Pregnancy

Labetalol

Drugs used in HTN in pregnancy

Better - Beta blockers (Labetalol) Mother - Methyldopa Care - Clonidine During - DHPs Hypertensive - Hydralazine Pregnancy - Prazosin (alpha -blockers)

Drugs used in HTN in pregnancy

Better - Beta blockers (Labetalol) Mother - Methyldopa Care - Clonidine During - DHPs Hypertensive - Hydralazine Pregnancy - Prazosin (alpha -blockers)

Drugs totally contraindicated in Pregnancy

ACE Inhibitors and ARBs