CVS - Hypertension Flashcards
Aim of treatment in Hypertension
Decrease volume of blood
Decrease hardness of BV
Drugs used in Hypertension
Diuretics
Vasodilators
Sympathetic blockers
RAAS Blockers
Diuretics used in Hypertension
Thiazides - Diuretics of choice in HTN
Vasodilators used in Hypertension
NO
Potassium channel openers
Calcium channel blockers
D1 agonist
Mechanism of action of NO
Stimulates guanylate cyclase - increases cGMP levels - Vasodilation
Nitrates used in Hypertensive emergencies
Sodium Nitroprusside
Hydralazine
Nitrates used in Hypertensive emergencies
Sodium Nitroprusside
Hydralazine
Characteristics of Sodium Nitroprusside
Special iv set (microdrip set)
Sensitive to light
Risk of cyanide Poisoning
Not given in pregnancy
Characteristics of Sodium Nitroprusside
Special iv set (microdrip set)
Sensitive to light
Risk of cyanide Poisoning
Not given in pregnancy
Characteristics of Hydralazine
Safe in pregnancy
Example of SHIP Drugs - metabolized by Acetylation and can result in SLE like reaction
Potassium channel openers used in Hypertension
Minoxidil
Diazoxide
Hydralazine - NO + K+ channel openers
Characteristics of Minoxidil
Prodrug - Minoxidil sulphate(active metabolite)
Used in treatment of Alopecia
Causes hair growth (Hirsutism) - avoided in young girls
Diazoxide characteristics
Decreases insulin
Can cause Hyperglycemia - avoided in diabetics
Used in treatment of Insulinoma
Diazoxide characteristics
Decreases insulin
Can cause Hyperglycemia - avoided in diabetics
Used in treatment of Insulinoma
Calcium channel blockers used in Hypertension
Verapamil
Diltiazem
DHPs - Amlodipine, Nicardipine
Mechanism of action of CCBs in Hypertension
Vasodilation - decreases BP
Mechanism of action of CCBs in Hypertension
Vasodilation - decreases BP
D1 agonist used in Hypertensive emergencies
Fenoldopam
Sympathetic system blockers drugs includes
Ganglion blockers
Sympathetic neuron blockers
Alpha-2 agonist
Alpha and Beta blockers
Sympathetic system blockers drugs includes
Ganglion blockers
Sympathetic neuron blockers
Alpha-2 agonist
Alpha and Beta blockers
Ganglion blockers drugs
Nn antagonist
Trimethophan
Hexamethonium
Normally not used in HTN
Ganglion blockers drugs
Nn antagonist
Trimethophan
Hexamethonium
Normally not used in HTN
Sympathetic neuron blockers drug includes
Metyrosine
Reserpine (VMAT-2 Inhibitors)
Guanethidine
Alpha-2 agonist used in Hypertension
Clonidine
Methyldopa
Both are safe in Pregnancy
Side effects - dry mouth and Sedation
Alpha-2 agonist used in Hypertension
Clonidine
Methyldopa
Both are safe in Pregnancy
Side effects - dry mouth and Sedation
RAAS Blockers used in HTN
Beta blockers
ACE Inhibitors
ARBs
Aldosterone Antagonist
Renin inhibitors
Renin inhibitors drugs includes
‘Kiren’
Enalkiren
Remikiren
Aliskiren
Oral, can be used in HTN
Renin inhibitors drugs includes
‘Kiren’
Enalkiren
Remikiren
Aliskiren
Oral, can be used in HTN
Hypertension should be treated when BP is
Equal or more than 140/90
Hypertension should be treated when BP is
Equal or more than 140/90
First line antihypertensive drugs
Diuretics (Thiazides)
ACE inhibitors/ARBs
CCB
First line antihypertensive drugs
Diuretics (Thiazides)
ACE inhibitors/ARBs
CCB
DOC in Hypertension
Thiazides
DOC in HTN Emergency
Nicardipine
DOC in HTN Emergency
Nicardipine
DOC in in Hypertension in pregnancy and Hypertensive emergencies in Pregnancy
Labetalol
Drugs used in HTN in pregnancy
Better - Beta blockers (Labetalol)
Mother - Methyldopa
Care - Clonidine
During - DHPs
Hypertensive - Hydralazine
Pregnancy - Prazosin (alpha -blockers)
Drugs used in HTN in pregnancy
Better - Beta blockers (Labetalol)
Mother - Methyldopa
Care - Clonidine
During - DHPs
Hypertensive - Hydralazine
Pregnancy - Prazosin (alpha -blockers)
Drugs totally contraindicated in Pregnancy
ACE Inhibitors and ARBs
