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Diuretics Flashcards

1
Q

Diuretics contains drugs which causes loss of

A

Na and water in urine

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2
Q

Which diuretic is non-specific and can act even outside of kidney

A

Osmotic diuretics

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3
Q

Which diuretic is non-specific and can act even outside of kidney

A

Osmotic diuretics

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4
Q

Conditions for Osmotic diuretics

A

Must be freely filtered by glomerulus
Should not be reabsorbed
Should exert Osmotic effect
Non reactable chemically

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5
Q

Example of Osmotic diuretics

A

Mannitol

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6
Q

Mannitol can be used in

A

Cerebral edema
Acute congestive Glaucoma
Partial or incipient Renal failure

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6
Q

Mannitol can be used in

A

Cerebral edema
Acute congestive Glaucoma
Partial or incipient Renal failure

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7
Q

Contraindications of Mannitol

A

During active cerebral hemorrhage - can aggravate edema
In case of complete renal failure
Pulmonary edema

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7
Q

Contraindications of Mannitol

A

During active cerebral hemorrhage - can aggravate edema
In case of complete renal failure
Pulmonary edema

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8
Q

Mannitol can be given orally in

A

Osmotic diarrhea

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8
Q

Mannitol can be given orally in

A

Osmotic diarrhea

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9
Q

Site of action of Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

A

PCT of Nephron

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10
Q

Mechanism of action of Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

A

Inhibits Carbonic anhydrase enzyme responsible for Sodium and Bicarbonate reabsorption

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11
Q

Mechanism of action of Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

A

Inhibits Carbonic anhydrase enzyme responsible for Sodium and Bicarbonate reabsorption

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12
Q

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor drugs

A

Acetazolamide oral or iv
Brinzolamide - Eyedrops
Dorzolamide - Eyedrops

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12
Q

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor drugs

A

Acetazolamide oral or iv
Brinzolamide - Eyedrops
Dorzolamide - Eyedrops

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13
Q

Uses of Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

A

G - Glaucoma
A - Alkalinization of urine - increased chances of renal stones
M - Mountain sickness (DOC)
E - Epilepsy

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14
Q

Side effects of Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

A

Hypokalemia
Metabolic acidosis
Renal stones (calcium precipitates)
Paraesthesia

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14
Q

Side effects of Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

A

Hypokalemia
Metabolic acidosis
Renal stones (calcium precipitates)
Paraesthesia

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15
Q

Site of action of Loop diuretics

A

Acts on thick ascending loop of Henle

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16
Q

Site of action of Loop diuretics

A

Acts on thick ascending loop of Henle

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17
Q

Loop diuretics drug examples

A

Furosemide
Torsemide
Bumetanide
Ethacrynic acid

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18
Q

Ethacrynic acid is not preferred now because of

A

It’s highly Ototoxic

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19
Q

Which diuretics also termed as High ceiling diuretics

A

Loop diuretics

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19
Which diuretics also termed as High ceiling diuretics
Loop diuretics
20
Mechanism of action of Loop diuretics
Inhibits Na+ K 2Cl pump and let Sodium and water pass in urine
20
Mechanism of action of Loop diuretics
Inhibits Na+ K 2Cl pump and let Sodium and water pass in urine
21
Common side effects of Loop diuretics and Thiazides
Hyponatremia Hypokalemia Hypomagnesemia Metabolic alkalosis Hyperglycemia Hyperlipidemia Hyperuricemia
21
Common side effects of Loop diuretics and Thiazides
Hyponatremia Hypokalemia Hypomagnesemia Metabolic alkalosis Hyperglycemia Hyperlipidemia Hyperuricemia
22
Difference in side effects of Loop diuretics and Thiazides
Loop diuretics - Hypocalcemia Thiazides - Hypercalcemia
22
Difference in side effects of Loop diuretics and Thiazides
Loop diuretics - Hypocalcemia Thiazides - Hypercalcemia
23
Uses of Loop diuretics
Edema Hypertensive emergencies Hypercalcemia Bromide and iodide poisoning
24
Site of action of Thiazides
Acts on DCT of Nephron
25
Site of action of Thiazides
Acts on DCT of Nephron
26
Mechanism of action of Thiazides
Blocks Na+ Cl- pump and Let pass sodium and water in urine
27
Example of Thiazides
Chlorothiazide Hydrochlorothiazide Polythiazide
28
Examples of Thiazide like diuretics
Chlorthalidone Indapamide Xipamide
29
Uses of Thiazides
Osteoporosis - slowly increases calcium Hypertension - 1st line drug For recurrent Calcium stones in Kidney Bromide and iodide Poisoning Nephrogenic Diabetes insipidus
29
Uses of Thiazides
Osteoporosis - slowly increases calcium Hypertension - 1st line drug For recurrent Calcium stones in Kidney Bromide and iodide Poisoning Nephrogenic Diabetes insipidus
30
Diabetes insipidus occurs due to
Low levels of ADH
31
Symptoms of Diabetes insipidus
Polyuria Polydipsia
32
Diabetes insipidus can be divided in two types
Decreased ADH from Posterior Pituitary - Central diabetes insipidus OR ADH not able to work on Kidney - Nephrogenic Diabetes insipidus
33
Diabetes insipidus can be divided in two types
Decreased ADH from Posterior Pituitary - Central diabetes insipidus OR ADH not able to work on Kidney - Nephrogenic Diabetes insipidus
34
Drug of Choice in central Diabetes insipidus
Desmopressin ( selective agonist of V2 receptor)
35
Drug of Choice in central Diabetes insipidus
Desmopressin ( selective agonist of V2 receptor)
36
DOC in Nephrogenic Diabetes insipidus
Thiazides
36
DOC in Nephrogenic Diabetes insipidus
Thiazides
37
Thiazides mechanism of action in Nephrogenic Diabetes insipidus
It inhibits dilution of urine - concentrated urine will be passed - leads to decreased plasma osmolarity - inhibition of thirst centre and increased diuresis
38
Thiazides mechanism of action in Nephrogenic Diabetes insipidus
It inhibits dilution of urine - concentrated urine will be passed - leads to decreased plasma osmolarity - inhibition of thirst centre and decreased diuresis
39
ADH retains
Only water
39
ADH retains
Only water
40
Example of ADH receptor antagonist
Tolvaptan
40
Example of ADH receptor antagonist
Tolvaptan
41
Site of action of Potassium sparing diuretics
Collecting duct
41
Site of action of Potassium sparing diuretics
Collecting duct
42
Potassium sparing diuretics includes
1) Epithelial sodium channel blockers 2) Aldosterone Antagonist
43
Examples of epithelial Sodium channel blockers
Decreases Na+ and increased K+ and H+ Amiloride Triamterene
44
Examples of Aldosterone Antagonist
Spironolactone Epleronone
45
Which diuretics retains K+ while losing Na+
Potassium sparing diuretics
45
Which diuretics retains K+ while losing Na+
Potassium sparing diuretics
46
Aldosterone Antagonist can be used in
Conn's Syndrome Preferred in Cirrhotic edema Reverse Cardiac remodeling or LVH
46
Aldosterone Antagonist can be used in
Conn's Syndrome Preferred in Cirrhotic edema Reverse Cardiac remodeling or LVH
47
Side effect of Spironolactone
Gynaecomastia
48
Step 3 approach used when
Attacks more than 4-5 times a week or once a night per week Low dose ICS + Formoterol Maintainer reliever therapy (MART) Low dose ICS + LABA daily
48
Step 3 approach used when
Attacks more than 4-5 times a week or once a night per week Low dose ICS + Formoterol Maintainer reliever therapy (MART) Low dose ICS + LABA daily
49
Step 3 approach used when
Attacks more than 4-5 times a week or once a night per week Low dose ICS + Formoterol Maintainer reliever therapy (MART) Low dose ICS + LABA daily

Pharmacology (14 decks)

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