Respiratory System Flashcards
What does the Respiratory System maintain?
Maintains muscle energy supply:
- Nutrients must be delivered
- Oxygen must be delivered
- By-products must be removed
What is the Respiratory System’s primary role?
- Deliver oxygenated air to blood
- Remove carbon dioxide from blood, a by-product of metabolism
What makes up the Respiratory System?
- Lungs
- Several passages leading from outside to the lungs
- Muscles that move into and out of the lungs
Overview of Respiratory System (basic order of how air travels)
- Trachea
- Right and left Bronchi
- Bronchioles
- Respiratory bronchioles
Trachea (windpipe)
Air enters the nose/mouth where it is filtered, humidified, and adjusted to body temperature in the trachea
Right and Left Bronchi (primary)
Trachea branches into right and left bronchi that enter the lung
Bronchioles (secondary and tertiary)
Bronchi continue to branch into smaller and smaller tubes called bronchioles
Respiratory bronchioles
Bronchioles branch into respiratory bronchioles
Shape of lungs and size?
Lungs are asymmetrical, right lung larger than left because of heart
What are the functional units of the lungs?
Tiny air sacs called alveoli
What are alveoli? (terminal)
Like clustered bunches of grapes, with common opening into alveolar duct called an alveoli sac. This is where gas exchange occurs.
Diaphragm positioning at rest?
Up against the lungs
When the diaphragm contacts and moves down, what is caused?
- Causes increase in volume of Chest cavity
- Causes decrease in pressure
- Air is “sucked” into lungs
When external intercostal muscles contract, what is caused?
- Causes ribs to elevate
- Causes increase in volume of chest cavity
- Causes decrease in pressure
- Air is “sucked” into lungs
Pharynx / trachea - function
- Air enters the _________
- Passes then to the _______
- Then passes the ______ and enter the opening called the ______
- Before passing into the ________ on the way to lungs
- The first branches into the lungs are the _________
- Then branches into smaller and smaller ________
- The terminal chambers in the lungs are ________
- Nasal cavity
- Pharynx
- Epiglottis, glottis
- Trachea
- Right and left bronchi
- Bronchioles
- Alveoli
What are the four Bronchi?
Bronchi (primary / secondary / tertiary / terminal)
Lung volume and capacity when training?
Lung volume and capacity changes LITTLE with training
What is needed beyond the anaerobic stage?
- Muscle contractions need oxygen to continue beyond the anaerobic stage
- 99% of O2 transported in blood is chemically bonded with hemoglobin in the red blood cells
Respiratory and Response:
Where are receptors located?
What are they sensitive too?
Receptors in the Aorta and in Carotid arteries
Sensitive to partial pressures of CO2 and O2 and also to ph (acidity) of blood
What do the receptors in the aorta and carotid arteries do? (Respiratory and Response)
Sends signal to brain (medulla) which sends signal to diaphragm and intercostal muscles
Cardiovascular response:
Where are receptors located?
What are they sensitive to?
- Receptors in Aorta and in Carotid arteries
- Sensitive to partial pressures in CO2 and O2 and also ph (acidity) of blood
What do the receptors in the Aorta and Carotid arteries do? (Cardiovascular response)
- Receptors send signal to brain (medulla) which sends signals to heart
- proprioceptive signals reach cardiac centre in medulla to increase heart rate
What is Respiration needed for during exercise?
- In exercise, we increase the muscles’ need for O2 which is carried from lungs to muscle via hemoglobin in erythrocytes
- Muscle contractions produce by-products that MUST be ELIMINATED
— Anaerobic produces lactic acid
— Aerobic needs O2 and gives off CO2 & H2O - Respiration (rate and depth) INCREASES (6L/min at rest to 150L/min)
- Heart beats FASTER, pumping more oxygenated blood to muscles
How many successive branching bronchioles?
23+
What surrounds Alveolar sacs?
Capillary plexus (blood alveoli for 0.75 sec.)
What is pressure gradient?
Gas exchange
