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Kin 121 Final > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

What does the Respiratory System maintain?

A

Maintains muscle energy supply:
- Nutrients must be delivered
- Oxygen must be delivered
- By-products must be removed

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2
Q

What is the Respiratory System’s primary role?

A
  1. Deliver oxygenated air to blood
  2. Remove carbon dioxide from blood, a by-product of metabolism
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3
Q

What makes up the Respiratory System?

A
  1. Lungs
  2. Several passages leading from outside to the lungs
  3. Muscles that move into and out of the lungs
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4
Q

Overview of Respiratory System (basic order of how air travels)

A
  1. Trachea
  2. Right and left Bronchi
  3. Bronchioles
  4. Respiratory bronchioles
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5
Q

Trachea (windpipe)

A

Air enters the nose/mouth where it is filtered, humidified, and adjusted to body temperature in the trachea

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6
Q

Right and Left Bronchi (primary)

A

Trachea branches into right and left bronchi that enter the lung

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7
Q

Bronchioles (secondary and tertiary)

A

Bronchi continue to branch into smaller and smaller tubes called bronchioles

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8
Q

Respiratory bronchioles

A

Bronchioles branch into respiratory bronchioles

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9
Q

Shape of lungs and size?

A

Lungs are asymmetrical, right lung larger than left because of heart

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10
Q

What are the functional units of the lungs?

A

Tiny air sacs called alveoli

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11
Q

What are alveoli? (terminal)

A

Like clustered bunches of grapes, with common opening into alveolar duct called an alveoli sac. This is where gas exchange occurs.

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12
Q

Diaphragm positioning at rest?

A

Up against the lungs

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13
Q

When the diaphragm contacts and moves down, what is caused?

A
  • Causes increase in volume of Chest cavity
  • Causes decrease in pressure
  • Air is “sucked” into lungs
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14
Q

When external intercostal muscles contract, what is caused?

A
  • Causes ribs to elevate
  • Causes increase in volume of chest cavity
  • Causes decrease in pressure
  • Air is “sucked” into lungs
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15
Q

Pharynx / trachea - function

  1. Air enters the _________
  2. Passes then to the _______
  3. Then passes the ______ and enter the opening called the ______
  4. Before passing into the ________ on the way to lungs
  5. The first branches into the lungs are the _________
  6. Then branches into smaller and smaller ________
  7. The terminal chambers in the lungs are ________
A
  1. Nasal cavity
  2. Pharynx
  3. Epiglottis, glottis
  4. Trachea
  5. Right and left bronchi
  6. Bronchioles
  7. Alveoli
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16
Q

What are the four Bronchi?

A

Bronchi (primary / secondary / tertiary / terminal)

17
Q

Lung volume and capacity when training?

A

Lung volume and capacity changes LITTLE with training

18
Q

What is needed beyond the anaerobic stage?

A
  • Muscle contractions need oxygen to continue beyond the anaerobic stage
  • 99% of O2 transported in blood is chemically bonded with hemoglobin in the red blood cells
19
Q

Respiratory and Response:

Where are receptors located?
What are they sensitive too?

A

Receptors in the Aorta and in Carotid arteries

Sensitive to partial pressures of CO2 and O2 and also to ph (acidity) of blood

20
Q

What do the receptors in the aorta and carotid arteries do? (Respiratory and Response)

A

Sends signal to brain (medulla) which sends signal to diaphragm and intercostal muscles

21
Q

Cardiovascular response:

Where are receptors located?
What are they sensitive to?

A
  • Receptors in Aorta and in Carotid arteries
  • Sensitive to partial pressures in CO2 and O2 and also ph (acidity) of blood
22
Q

What do the receptors in the Aorta and Carotid arteries do? (Cardiovascular response)

A
  • Receptors send signal to brain (medulla) which sends signals to heart
  • proprioceptive signals reach cardiac centre in medulla to increase heart rate
23
Q

What is Respiration needed for during exercise?

A
  • In exercise, we increase the muscles’ need for O2 which is carried from lungs to muscle via hemoglobin in erythrocytes
  • Muscle contractions produce by-products that MUST be ELIMINATED
    — Anaerobic produces lactic acid
    — Aerobic needs O2 and gives off CO2 & H2O
  • Respiration (rate and depth) INCREASES (6L/min at rest to 150L/min)
  • Heart beats FASTER, pumping more oxygenated blood to muscles
24
Q

How many successive branching bronchioles?

A

23+

25
Q

What surrounds Alveolar sacs?

A

Capillary plexus (blood alveoli for 0.75 sec.)

26
Q

What is pressure gradient?

A

Gas exchange

Kin 121 Final (12 decks)

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