Cardiovascular System

Question 1

What are primary roles of the cardiovascular system?

Answer 1

1. Transport oxygen from lungs to tissues
2. Transport carbon dioxide from tissues to lungs
3. Transport nutrients from digestive system to body
4. Transport waste to excretion

Question 2

What does the atria do?

Answer 2

Receive blood from peripheral organs and pumps blood into ventricles

Question 3

What does the Right ventricle do?

Answer 3

Pumps blood to the lungs

Question 4

What does the Left ventricle do?

Answer 4

Pumps blood through entire body

Question 5

Diastole

Answer 5

Ventricles relaxing and filling with blood

Question 6

Systole

Answer 6

Ventricles contracting, push blood through

Question 7

Arteries carry _______ blood EXCEPT for the ___________

Answer 7

1. Oxygenated blood
2. Pulmonary artery

Question 8

Veins carry ______ blood EXCEPT for the ____________

Answer 8

1. Deoxygenated blood
2. Pulmonary vein

Question 9

What is the heart structure?

Answer 9

Heart tissue blood supply
-Coronary arteries
-Coronary veins

Question 10

Sinus node

Answer 10

The beating of the heart is governed by a automatic electrical impulse generated by the sinus node

Question 11

Action potential in the heart?

Answer 11

An electrical charge generated by the sinus node. The action potential causes the muscle walls of the heart to contract

Question 12

Purkinjie fibres

Answer 12

What distributes the action potential to the two ventricles

Question 13

Heart rate = beats per minute (bpm

Average = ________ bpm

Answer 13

60 - 80 bpm

Question 14

What is Tachycardia?

Answer 14

Persistent resting heart rate >100 bpm

Question 15

What is Bradycardia?

Answer 15

Persistent resting heart rate <60 bpm

Question 16

Stroke volume = ml/beat

________ ml/beat

Answer 16

60 - 80 ml/beat

Question 17

Cardiac output: volume ejected 1/min

Answer 17

= heart rate (bpm) x stroke volume (ml/beat)

At 80 bpm x 60 ml/beat = 4.8 L
At 80 bpm x 80 ml/beat = 6.4 L

Question 18

What is MaxHR?

Answer 18

Highest rate achieved with all-out effort

Question 19

When does MaxHR begin to decrease?

Answer 19

Decreases about 1 beat/ yr after 15 yr

Question 20

How to estimate MaxHR in adults?

Answer 20

MaxHR = 220 - age

Question 21

What are the vessels of the circulatory system?

Answer 21

Arteries
Veins
Capillaries

Question 22

What are the vessels of the arterial system?

Answer 22

Arteries
Arterioles
Capillaries

Question 23

What are Arterioles?

Answer 23

Arteries that branch into smaller and smaller vessels

Question 24

What are capillaries?

Answer 24

Arterioles that branch into even smaller vessels

Question 25

Capillaries function

Answer 25

Exchange of oxygen and nutrients from blood to muscles and organs

Allow blood to pick up waste products and CO2 from metabolism

Question 26

What do veins have that arteries don’t?

Answer 26

Valves that open as blood returns to the heart and close as blood flow away from the heart

Question 27

Redistribution of blood
- Vasodilation
- Vasoconstriction

At rest:
____% of blood to liver and kidney
____% of blood to muscles

Heavy endurance training
____% blood to muscle

Answer 27

1. 50%
2. 15%
3. 80%

Question 28

What is blood pressure (mmHg)?

Answer 28

Pressure exerted on the vessels during systole (contraction of ventricles) and diastole (relaxation of ventricles)

Question 29

Systolic pressure average?

Answer 29

120 mmHg

Question 30

Diastolic pressure average?

Answer 30

80 mmHg

Question 31

What does exercise do to heart rate?

Answer 31

Increases heart rate via proprioceptors. Signals to heart centre in medulla, which signals heart to increase rhythm

Question 32

What does muscular activity increase?

Answer 32

Venous return

Question 33

What does sustained exercise do?

Answer 33

• Creates more efficient heart (increased size of cavities and thickness of walls = cardiac hypertrophy)
• increased stroke volume
• allows heart rate to beat more slowly at rest (endurance athletes 40 -60 bpm)

Increases:
Red blood cells and capillaries