Injuries Flashcards
What does a tissue experience under a physical load?
Deformation
What is elasticity? (Elastic region)
Capacity of a tissue to return to its original shape after removal of load
What happens at the elastic limit?
Plastic region begins
Tissue no longer possesses elastic properties
What happens at the plastic region?
Permanent tissue deformation (does not return to original shape)
Resulting in failure or injury (sprains)
What happens at the ultimate failure stage?
Macro- or complete failure (torn ligament)
Tissue becomes completely unresponsive to loads
What happens when Training Load = < elastic limit?
- Micro-failure leads to building new tissue
- Positive training effect
What happens when Training Load = > elastic limit
- Permanent failure
- Injury
5 types of forces acting on tissue
- Tension
- Compression
- Bending
- Shear
- Torsion
What is treatment?
- Received by patient from a health care professional
- Promotes healing
- Improves quality of injured tissues
- Allows quicker return to activity
What is Rehabilitation?
- Therapist’s restoration of injured tissues + patient’s participation
- Individualized for each person
What are the three healing process phases?
- Inflammatory response phase
- Fibroblastic repair phase
- Maturation-Remodelling phase
What is the Inflammatory response phase time?
2 - 4 days
What is the Fibroblastic Repair phase time?
Hours - 6 weeks
What is the Maturation Remodeling phase time?
3 weeks - years
When does the inflammatory response phase begin? (When does inflammation begin)
Begins at the time of injury
Signs of inflamation (inflammatory response phase)
RSPIL
- Redness
- Swelling
- Pain
- Increased Temperature
- Loss of function
What to do when signs of inflammation are shown?
PRCCE
- Protect
- Rest
- Cryotherapy
- Compression
- Elevation
What happens during the Fibroblastic Repair Phase?
- Repair and scar formation
- Granulation tissues fills the gap
- Collagen fibres are deposited by fibroblasts
- Signs seen in Phase 1 subside
What should you do during the Fibroblastic repair stage?
RMP
- Rehab-specific exercises (restore rom and strength)
- Manual massage therapy and ultrasound (help break down scar tissue)
- Protective taping and bracing
What happens during the Maturation Remodeling phases?
Remodelling or realigning of scar tissue
What should you do during the Maturation Remodeling phase?
- More aggressive stretching and strengthening
- Include sport specific skills and activities
What is the problem with ignoring pain? (Pain tree)
Ignoring pain leads to
Masking with medications / continued participation …. Leads too
Pushing injured tissue closer to yield-level point / addiction / Gastrointestinal complications
What are the types of soft tissue injuries?
CSDFCG
- Contusions
- Strains and sprains
- Dislocations
- Fractures
- Concussions
- Growth plate
What are contusions?
Signs?
Treatment?
Bruises
Signs / what is it:
- Discolouration
- Myostis ossificans - abnormal bone formation
- life threatening if the tissue involved is a vital organ
Treatment:
P-R-I-C-E
What is a strain?
Tendon or muscle tissue stretched or torn
What is a sprain?
Ligament or joint capsule is stretched or torn
How many grades of sprains and strains are there?
What do they consist of?
Grade 1 - slightly stretched or torn
Grade 2 - moderately stretched or torn
Grade 3 - complete rupture, surgery required
What is the most common strain?
Hamstring strain due to:
- mechanism
- strength imbalance
What are the most common dislocations?
Fingers
- can become chronic
What is subluxation?
When supporting structures (ligaments) are stretched or torn enough
Types of fractures?
SCSA
- Simple fracture - stays within surrounding soft tissue
- Compound fracture - protrudes from the skin
- Stress fracture - results from repeated low magnitude loads
- Avulsion fracture - involves tendon or ligament pulling small chip of bone
What are concussions?
Symptoms?
Treatment?
Injury to the Brain
- violent shaking, brain hitting skull
Symptoms:
- confusion
- temporary loss of normal brain functions
Treatment:
- rest
What are overuse injuries due to?
- Non sufficient recovery
- Repeated and accumulated micro trauma
What are overuse injuries results from?
- poor technique
- poor equipment
- too much training
- type of training
What are stress fractures?
Repeated low magnitude forces
Are shin splints stress fractures?
No
When are growth plates most vulnerable to injury?
During rapid growth
When does velocity or growth reach its maximum potential?
During peak height velocity (PHV)
Females age at PHV on average?
12 years
Males age at PHV on average?
14 years
What is Epiphyseal?
Growth Cartilage
- End of long bones
- Under compression forces
- Damage can be acute or chronic
What are Apophyseal Growth plates?
Growth cartilage
- Generic name for bony bumps that have tendons attached
- Growth plate is between bump and shaft
- Subjected to tensile forces (traction)
- Severe pull can cause result of Avulsion fracture
What types of forces are growth plates most vulnerable to?
Shear
Torsion (twisting)
What are important Epiphyseal Growth plates?
- Distal femur (just above knee)
- Greatest amount of growth in total leg occurs here
What are Important Apophyseal growth plates?
- Tibial tuberosity (just below knee)
- Calcaneal tuberosity (heal)
What does inflammation of tibial tuberosity (apophysitis) lead too?
Osgood-Schlatter’s disease
What does inflammation of calcaneal tuberosity (apophysitis) lead too?
Sever’s disease
Injury prevention
P W K+F E+R
- Protective equipment
- Warm up and cool down
- Keeping fit & flexible
- Eating & resting
