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Kin 121 Final > Injuries > Flashcards

Injuries Flashcards

1
Q

What does a tissue experience under a physical load?

A

Deformation

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2
Q

What is elasticity? (Elastic region)

A

Capacity of a tissue to return to its original shape after removal of load

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3
Q

What happens at the elastic limit?

A

Plastic region begins

Tissue no longer possesses elastic properties

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4
Q

What happens at the plastic region?

A

Permanent tissue deformation (does not return to original shape)

Resulting in failure or injury (sprains)

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5
Q

What happens at the ultimate failure stage?

A

Macro- or complete failure (torn ligament)

Tissue becomes completely unresponsive to loads

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6
Q

What happens when Training Load = < elastic limit?

A
  • Micro-failure leads to building new tissue
  • Positive training effect
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7
Q

What happens when Training Load = > elastic limit

A
  • Permanent failure
  • Injury
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8
Q

5 types of forces acting on tissue

A
  1. Tension
  2. Compression
  3. Bending
  4. Shear
  5. Torsion
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9
Q

What is treatment?

A
  • Received by patient from a health care professional
  • Promotes healing
  • Improves quality of injured tissues
  • Allows quicker return to activity
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10
Q

What is Rehabilitation?

A
  • Therapist’s restoration of injured tissues + patient’s participation
  • Individualized for each person
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11
Q

What are the three healing process phases?

A
  1. Inflammatory response phase
  2. Fibroblastic repair phase
  3. Maturation-Remodelling phase
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12
Q

What is the Inflammatory response phase time?

A

2 - 4 days

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13
Q

What is the Fibroblastic Repair phase time?

A

Hours - 6 weeks

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14
Q

What is the Maturation Remodeling phase time?

A

3 weeks - years

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15
Q

When does the inflammatory response phase begin? (When does inflammation begin)

A

Begins at the time of injury

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16
Q

Signs of inflamation (inflammatory response phase)

RSPIL

A
  • Redness
  • Swelling
  • Pain
  • Increased Temperature
  • Loss of function
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17
Q

What to do when signs of inflammation are shown?

PRCCE

A
  • Protect
  • Rest
  • Cryotherapy
  • Compression
  • Elevation
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18
Q

What happens during the Fibroblastic Repair Phase?

A
  • Repair and scar formation
  • Granulation tissues fills the gap
  • Collagen fibres are deposited by fibroblasts
  • Signs seen in Phase 1 subside
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19
Q

What should you do during the Fibroblastic repair stage?

RMP

A
  • Rehab-specific exercises (restore rom and strength)
  • Manual massage therapy and ultrasound (help break down scar tissue)
  • Protective taping and bracing
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20
Q

What happens during the Maturation Remodeling phases?

A

Remodelling or realigning of scar tissue

21
Q

What should you do during the Maturation Remodeling phase?

A
  • More aggressive stretching and strengthening
  • Include sport specific skills and activities
22
Q

What is the problem with ignoring pain? (Pain tree)

A

Ignoring pain leads to

Masking with medications / continued participation …. Leads too

Pushing injured tissue closer to yield-level point / addiction / Gastrointestinal complications

23
Q

What are the types of soft tissue injuries?

CSDFCG

A
  1. Contusions
  2. Strains and sprains
  3. Dislocations
  4. Fractures
  5. Concussions
  6. Growth plate
24
Q

What are contusions?
Signs?
Treatment?

A

Bruises

Signs / what is it:
- Discolouration
- Myostis ossificans - abnormal bone formation
- life threatening if the tissue involved is a vital organ

Treatment:
P-R-I-C-E

25
What is a strain?
Tendon or muscle tissue stretched or torn
26
What is a sprain?
Ligament or joint capsule is stretched or torn
27
How many grades of sprains and strains are there? What do they consist of?
Grade 1 - slightly stretched or torn Grade 2 - moderately stretched or torn Grade 3 - complete rupture, surgery required
28
What is the most common strain?
Hamstring strain due to: - mechanism - strength imbalance
29
What are the most common dislocations?
Fingers - can become chronic
30
What is subluxation?
When supporting structures (ligaments) are stretched or torn enough
31
Types of fractures? SCSA
1. Simple fracture - stays within surrounding soft tissue 2. Compound fracture - protrudes from the skin 3. Stress fracture - results from repeated low magnitude loads 4. Avulsion fracture - involves tendon or ligament pulling small chip of bone
32
What are concussions? Symptoms? Treatment?
Injury to the Brain - violent shaking, brain hitting skull Symptoms: - confusion - temporary loss of normal brain functions Treatment: - rest
33
What are overuse injuries due to?
- Non sufficient recovery - Repeated and accumulated micro trauma
34
What are overuse injuries results from?
- poor technique - poor equipment - too much training - type of training
35
What are stress fractures?
Repeated low magnitude forces
36
Are shin splints stress fractures?
No
37
When are growth plates most vulnerable to injury?
During rapid growth
38
When does velocity or growth reach its maximum potential?
During peak height velocity (PHV)
39
Females age at PHV on average?
12 years
40
Males age at PHV on average?
14 years
41
What is Epiphyseal?
Growth Cartilage - End of long bones - Under compression forces - Damage can be acute or chronic
42
What are Apophyseal Growth plates?
Growth cartilage - Generic name for bony bumps that have tendons attached - Growth plate is between bump and shaft - **Subjected to tensile forces (traction)** - Severe pull can cause result of **Avulsion** fracture
43
What types of forces are growth plates most vulnerable to?
Shear Torsion (twisting)
44
What are important Epiphyseal Growth plates?
1. Distal femur (just above knee) - Greatest amount of growth in total leg occurs here
45
What are Important Apophyseal growth plates?
1. Tibial tuberosity (just below knee) 2. Calcaneal tuberosity (heal)
46
What does inflammation of tibial tuberosity (apophysitis) lead too?
Osgood-Schlatter’s disease
47
What does inflammation of calcaneal tuberosity (apophysitis) lead too?
Sever’s disease
48
Injury prevention P W K+F E+R
1. Protective equipment 2. Warm up and cool down 3. Keeping fit & flexible 4. Eating & resting

Kin 121 Final (12 decks)

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