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Kin 121 Final > Injuries > Flashcards

Injuries Flashcards

1
Q

What does a tissue experience under a physical load?

A

Deformation

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2
Q

What is elasticity? (Elastic region)

A

Capacity of a tissue to return to its original shape after removal of load

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3
Q

What happens at the elastic limit?

A

Plastic region begins

Tissue no longer possesses elastic properties

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4
Q

What happens at the plastic region?

A

Permanent tissue deformation (does not return to original shape)

Resulting in failure or injury (sprains)

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5
Q

What happens at the ultimate failure stage?

A

Macro- or complete failure (torn ligament)

Tissue becomes completely unresponsive to loads

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6
Q

What happens when Training Load = < elastic limit?

A
  • Micro-failure leads to building new tissue
  • Positive training effect
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7
Q

What happens when Training Load = > elastic limit

A
  • Permanent failure
  • Injury
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8
Q

5 types of forces acting on tissue

A
  1. Tension
  2. Compression
  3. Bending
  4. Shear
  5. Torsion
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9
Q

What is treatment?

A
  • Received by patient from a health care professional
  • Promotes healing
  • Improves quality of injured tissues
  • Allows quicker return to activity
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10
Q

What is Rehabilitation?

A
  • Therapist’s restoration of injured tissues + patient’s participation
  • Individualized for each person
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11
Q

What are the three healing process phases?

A
  1. Inflammatory response phase
  2. Fibroblastic repair phase
  3. Maturation-Remodelling phase
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12
Q

What is the Inflammatory response phase time?

A

2 - 4 days

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13
Q

What is the Fibroblastic Repair phase time?

A

Hours - 6 weeks

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14
Q

What is the Maturation Remodeling phase time?

A

3 weeks - years

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15
Q

When does the inflammatory response phase begin? (When does inflammation begin)

A

Begins at the time of injury

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16
Q

Signs of inflamation (inflammatory response phase)

RSPIL

A
  • Redness
  • Swelling
  • Pain
  • Increased Temperature
  • Loss of function
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17
Q

What to do when signs of inflammation are shown?

PRCCE

A
  • Protect
  • Rest
  • Cryotherapy
  • Compression
  • Elevation
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18
Q

What happens during the Fibroblastic Repair Phase?

A
  • Repair and scar formation
  • Granulation tissues fills the gap
  • Collagen fibres are deposited by fibroblasts
  • Signs seen in Phase 1 subside
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19
Q

What should you do during the Fibroblastic repair stage?

RMP

A
  • Rehab-specific exercises (restore rom and strength)
  • Manual massage therapy and ultrasound (help break down scar tissue)
  • Protective taping and bracing
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20
Q

What happens during the Maturation Remodeling phases?

A

Remodelling or realigning of scar tissue

21
Q

What should you do during the Maturation Remodeling phase?

A
  • More aggressive stretching and strengthening
  • Include sport specific skills and activities
22
Q

What is the problem with ignoring pain? (Pain tree)

A

Ignoring pain leads to

Masking with medications / continued participation …. Leads too

Pushing injured tissue closer to yield-level point / addiction / Gastrointestinal complications

23
Q

What are the types of soft tissue injuries?

CSDFCG

A
  1. Contusions
  2. Strains and sprains
  3. Dislocations
  4. Fractures
  5. Concussions
  6. Growth plate
24
Q

What are contusions?
Signs?
Treatment?

A

Bruises

Signs / what is it:
- Discolouration
- Myostis ossificans - abnormal bone formation
- life threatening if the tissue involved is a vital organ

Treatment:
P-R-I-C-E

25
Q

What is a strain?

A

Tendon or muscle tissue stretched or torn

26
Q

What is a sprain?

A

Ligament or joint capsule is stretched or torn

27
Q

How many grades of sprains and strains are there?
What do they consist of?

A

Grade 1 - slightly stretched or torn
Grade 2 - moderately stretched or torn
Grade 3 - complete rupture, surgery required

28
Q

What is the most common strain?

A

Hamstring strain due to:
- mechanism
- strength imbalance

29
Q

What are the most common dislocations?

A

Fingers
- can become chronic

30
Q

What is subluxation?

A

When supporting structures (ligaments) are stretched or torn enough

31
Q

Types of fractures?

SCSA

A
  1. Simple fracture - stays within surrounding soft tissue
  2. Compound fracture - protrudes from the skin
  3. Stress fracture - results from repeated low magnitude loads
  4. Avulsion fracture - involves tendon or ligament pulling small chip of bone
32
Q

What are concussions?
Symptoms?
Treatment?

A

Injury to the Brain
- violent shaking, brain hitting skull

Symptoms:
- confusion
- temporary loss of normal brain functions

Treatment:
- rest

33
Q

What are overuse injuries due to?

A
  • Non sufficient recovery
  • Repeated and accumulated micro trauma
34
Q

What are overuse injuries results from?

A
  • poor technique
  • poor equipment
  • too much training
  • type of training
35
Q

What are stress fractures?

A

Repeated low magnitude forces

36
Q

Are shin splints stress fractures?

A

No

37
Q

When are growth plates most vulnerable to injury?

A

During rapid growth

38
Q

When does velocity or growth reach its maximum potential?

A

During peak height velocity (PHV)

39
Q

Females age at PHV on average?

A

12 years

40
Q

Males age at PHV on average?

A

14 years

41
Q

What is Epiphyseal?

A

Growth Cartilage

  • End of long bones
  • Under compression forces
  • Damage can be acute or chronic
42
Q

What are Apophyseal Growth plates?

A

Growth cartilage

  • Generic name for bony bumps that have tendons attached
  • Growth plate is between bump and shaft
  • Subjected to tensile forces (traction)
  • Severe pull can cause result of Avulsion fracture
43
Q

What types of forces are growth plates most vulnerable to?

A

Shear
Torsion (twisting)

44
Q

What are important Epiphyseal Growth plates?

A
  1. Distal femur (just above knee)
    - Greatest amount of growth in total leg occurs here
45
Q

What are Important Apophyseal growth plates?

A
  1. Tibial tuberosity (just below knee)
  2. Calcaneal tuberosity (heal)
46
Q

What does inflammation of tibial tuberosity (apophysitis) lead too?

A

Osgood-Schlatter’s disease

47
Q

What does inflammation of calcaneal tuberosity (apophysitis) lead too?

A

Sever’s disease

48
Q

Injury prevention

P W K+F E+R

A
  1. Protective equipment
  2. Warm up and cool down
  3. Keeping fit & flexible
  4. Eating & resting

Kin 121 Final (12 decks)

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