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Biology > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Respiratory System Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The nasal cavity behind the nostrils has a mucous membrane covered with tiny hairs called?

A

Vibrissae

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2
Q

This help filter out particulate matter in the nostril cavity as a physical mechanism for first-line immune defense

A

Vibrissae

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3
Q

This is lined with ciliated epithelial cells and mucous-producing goblet cells

A

Trachea

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4
Q

Alveoli infection is known as

A

Pneumonia

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5
Q

The alveoli is covered with this which breaks up and reduces surface tension

A

Surfactant

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6
Q

Which part of the respiratory system has the main control over gas exchange

A

Alveoli

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7
Q

The alveolar wall is how many cells thick?

A

1 cell thick- oxygen from oxygen-rich air entering the lungs diffuses readily across the membrane into alveolar capillaries

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8
Q

The blood in alveolar capillaries is oxygen-rich or oxygen-poor?

A

Oxygen poor

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9
Q

During gas exchange….
Oxygen moves down its concentration gradient from __________ to _________
Carbon dioxide moves from _________ to _________

A

oxygen: from alveoli to alveoli capillaries
CO2: from alveoli capillaries to alveoli

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10
Q

What is the oxygen carrier of the circulatory system?

A

Hemoglobin

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11
Q

The 2 membranes of the lungs. Which one lines the thoracic wall and which one adheres to the lung?

A

Parietal pleura: lines the thoracic wall

Pulmonary (visceral) pleura: adheres to the lung

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12
Q

The space between the 2 membranes of the lungs is known as

A

Pleura cavity

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13
Q

During inhalation,

The diaphragm (contracts/ dilates), moving (upward/ downward) and causing the thoracic cavity to (expand/ shrink)

A

Contracts ; downward ; expand

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14
Q

As thoracic cavity expands during inhalation, the pressure in the pleural cavity (increases/ decreases)

A

Decreases

Lungs expand as the thoracic cavity expands

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15
Q

Increase in volume causes an (increase/ decrease) in pressure

A

Decrease

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16
Q

T or F. Reduction in alveolar pressure causes the air to flood to the lungs

A

True

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17
Q

Negative pressure breathing

A

The pressure in the lungs is negative compared to the ambient pressure, causing air to flood the lungs. This occurs during inhalation

18
Q

Inhalation is a (passive/ active) process

A

Active

19
Q

How is inhalation an active process?

A

The downward contraction of the diaphragm requires energy

20
Q

T or F. Inhalation and exhalation are active processes.

A

False. Exhalation is a passive process as the diaphragm relaxes

21
Q

T or F. Exhalation is always a passive process

A

False. The internal intercostal muscles can be recruited to produce more forceful exhalation which requires energy

22
Q

Alveloli (expands/ shrinks) as you inhale

A

Expands

23
Q

Process of inhalation

A
  1. Diaphragm muscles contract
  2. Thoracic cavity expands
  3. Pressure in pleural cavity becomes more negative
  4. Lungs expand
24
Q

T or F. Surfactant increases the surface tension of the liquid lining the alveoli to help maintain alveolar structure

A

False. A surfactant is a chemical species that reduces surface tension of liquids

25
Q

Correct path of air flow from the external environments to the lungs

A
  1. Nares
  2. Pharynx
  3. Larynx’
  4. Trachea
  5. Bronchi
  6. Bronchioles
  7. Alveolar sacs
26
Q

During normal breathing, the volume of air in each breath is referred to as

A

Tidal volume

27
Q

Any additional air that we could possibly inhale is the ___________ , exhale ___________

A

Inspiration reserve volume ; expiratory reserve volume

28
Q

When we take the deepest breath possible, the total volume of air our lungs can hold is the

A

Total lung capacity

29
Q

The maximum volume of the air that we can exhale

A

Vital capacity

30
Q

the air remaining in the lungs but cannot be exhaled is known as

A

residual volume

31
Q

the maximum volume of air that’s dynamic and can move into and out of the lungs is the?

A

vital capacity

32
Q

Antimicrobial proteins produced by the respiratory system

A

Defensins

33
Q

Vessels in the nasal cavity and trachea (contracts/ dilates) in hot conditions to (increase/ decrease) surface area through which heat can be radiated and lost to the environment

A

Dilates ; increase

34
Q

Elevated carbon dioxide production directly translates to increased concentrations of?

A

H-plus : acidifies the blood and decreases the pH

35
Q

The pH of blood

A

7.4

36
Q

How does carbon dioxide in the blood affects pH?

A

Carbon dioxide reacts with water to form carbonic acid, which exists in equilibrium with bicarbonate

37
Q

3 basic parts of blood

A

Plasma,

38
Q

The fluid component of blood, 55% of volume, carries ions, proteins, nutrients, and gases

A

Plasma

39
Q

Contains white blood cells as well as platelets. Takes up about 1% of the total blood volume

A

Buffy coat

40
Q

Cell fragments that from specialized cells called megakaryocytes. These don’t have a nucleus

A

Platelets

41
Q

Technical term for Blood clotting

A

Coagulation

42
Q

Bond bbS

A

DBVHBS HSZX

Biology (16 decks)

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