Respiratory System Flashcards
The nasal cavity behind the nostrils has a mucous membrane covered with tiny hairs called?
Vibrissae
This help filter out particulate matter in the nostril cavity as a physical mechanism for first-line immune defense
Vibrissae
This is lined with ciliated epithelial cells and mucous-producing goblet cells
Trachea
Alveoli infection is known as
Pneumonia
The alveoli is covered with this which breaks up and reduces surface tension
Surfactant
Which part of the respiratory system has the main control over gas exchange
Alveoli
The alveolar wall is how many cells thick?
1 cell thick- oxygen from oxygen-rich air entering the lungs diffuses readily across the membrane into alveolar capillaries
The blood in alveolar capillaries is oxygen-rich or oxygen-poor?
Oxygen poor
During gas exchange….
Oxygen moves down its concentration gradient from __________ to _________
Carbon dioxide moves from _________ to _________
oxygen: from alveoli to alveoli capillaries
CO2: from alveoli capillaries to alveoli
What is the oxygen carrier of the circulatory system?
Hemoglobin
The 2 membranes of the lungs. Which one lines the thoracic wall and which one adheres to the lung?
Parietal pleura: lines the thoracic wall
Pulmonary (visceral) pleura: adheres to the lung
The space between the 2 membranes of the lungs is known as
Pleura cavity
During inhalation,
The diaphragm (contracts/ dilates), moving (upward/ downward) and causing the thoracic cavity to (expand/ shrink)
Contracts ; downward ; expand
As thoracic cavity expands during inhalation, the pressure in the pleural cavity (increases/ decreases)
Decreases
Lungs expand as the thoracic cavity expands
Increase in volume causes an (increase/ decrease) in pressure
Decrease
T or F. Reduction in alveolar pressure causes the air to flood to the lungs
True
Negative pressure breathing
The pressure in the lungs is negative compared to the ambient pressure, causing air to flood the lungs. This occurs during inhalation
Inhalation is a (passive/ active) process
Active
How is inhalation an active process?
The downward contraction of the diaphragm requires energy
T or F. Inhalation and exhalation are active processes.
False. Exhalation is a passive process as the diaphragm relaxes
T or F. Exhalation is always a passive process
False. The internal intercostal muscles can be recruited to produce more forceful exhalation which requires energy
Alveloli (expands/ shrinks) as you inhale
Expands
Process of inhalation
- Diaphragm muscles contract
- Thoracic cavity expands
- Pressure in pleural cavity becomes more negative
- Lungs expand
T or F. Surfactant increases the surface tension of the liquid lining the alveoli to help maintain alveolar structure
False. A surfactant is a chemical species that reduces surface tension of liquids
